SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
| § | First verifiable Washington record |
| M | Male |
| F | Female |
| MCZ | Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (immediate preceding record) |
| UWBM | Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum, University of Washington |
| ICZN | International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Third Edition (International Union of Biological Sciences, 1985) |
| Ref.: | Reference to currently most useful description(s) |
| W | Worley (1932) |
Order Araneida
Suborder Mygalomorphae
Family MECICOBOTHRIIDAE
Hexura picea Simon
H. picea of W. Ref.: Gertsch and Platnick 1979.
6023 6317 6335 6336 6639 6721 6723 6821 6822 6918 6921 6922 7026 7028 7032 7034
7041 7131 7223 7234 7235 7332 7417 7418 7433 7519 7533 7536 7537
Family DIPLURIDAE
Microhexura idahoana Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Coyle 1981.
6122 6216 6717 6815 8970
Family ANTRODIAETIDAE
Antrodiaetus pacificus (Simon)
Brachybothrium pacificum of W. Ref.: Coyle 1971.
I anticipate that the Blue Mountains populations dubiously placed under A.
pacificus by Coyle (1971) will prove to be distinct.
6335 6771 6817 6821 7032 7223 7235 7524 7533 7536 7623 7833 7934 8123
§ Antrodiaetus occultus Coyle
Ref.: Coyle 1971 (M only). MF in UWBM.
6121 6122
Antrodiaetus pugnax (Chamberlin)
Brachybothrium shoshoneum of W. Ref.: Coyle 1971.
7624
§ Antrodiaetus montanus (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Coyle 1971.
6771 6992 8893
Antrodiaetus hageni (Chamberlin)
Brachybothrium hageni of W. Ref.: Coyle 1971.
6902
Antrodiaetus cerberus Coyle
Ref.: Coyle 1971.
8970
§ Antrodiaetus sp. #1
A very large species; MF in UWBM (sexes from different localities, but association
probable).
5915 7105
Suborder Araneomorphae
Haplogyne Families:
NOTE: use of the words "haplogyne" and "cribellate" does not constitute their acceptance as taxa; these are convenience groupings only.
Family SEGESTRIIDAE
Segestria pacifica Banks
S. pacifica of W. The only description is the essentially useless one
of Banks (1891), who cited "Washington State" as the locality. Worley (1932) clarified
the type locality as Olympia (7028) and reported specimens from Friday Harbor
(8530). My specimens may or may not be this species.
7222 7623 8029 8147[MCZ]
Family PLECTREURIDAE
§ Plectreurys tristis Simon
Ref.: Gertsch 1958.
6999 6900 7099
Family TELEMIDAE
Usofila pacifica (Banks)
Ochyrocera pacifica of W. Ref.: Banks 1894b; Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a
(discussed under U. oregona). Gertsch (1973) synonymized Usofila under
the European Telema with little discussion; Brignoli (1980) rejected the
synonymy. I prefer to accept Usofila pending publication of Gertsch's evidence
for the synonymy. Usofila species at hand show significant differences
from Telema tenella Simon (as redescribed by Fage 1913), in size and position
of spiracles, shape of sternum, female palp (patella enlarged in Usofila),
chelicerae (enlarged distally in Usofila), and spermatheca (directed posteriad
in Usofila). Male U. pacifica are very rare (I have over 250 females
and no males), but male specimens do exist (V. Roth, in litt.).
5714 5915 6022 6023 6028 6122 6418 6721 6922 6928 7026 7041 7110 7223 7235 7319
7323 7332 7416 7417 7418 7433 7517 7518 7519 7520 7522 7523 7524 7531 7536 7603
7617 7621 7623 7624 7710 7712 7714 7718 7723 7815 7816 7839 7903 7931 7934 8035
8118 8212 8214 8217 8497 8425 8517 8520 8522 8523 8525 8618 8624 8973 8918 8920
8921
§ Usofila nr. oregona Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a. These specimens do not correspond exactly to
the description of U. oregona, but appear to be distinct from U. pacifica.
5915 7303 7718
Family OONOPIDAE
§ Orchestina saltitans Banks
Ref.: Banks 1894b; Kaston 1948. The Seattle population is presumably introduced
(perhaps from the Northeastern U.S.).
7623
§ Orchestina sp. #1
MF in UWBM. A distinctive native species which may be O. utahana Chamberlin
and Ivie (1935), but the latter's three-line description is insufficient for diagnosis.
7303
Cribellate Entelegyne Families:
Family OECOBIIDAE
§ Oecobius annulipes Lucas
Ref.: Shear 1970.
7523 7623
Family ULOBORIDAE
Hyptiotes gertschi Chamberlin and Ivie
H. cavatus of W. Ref.: Muma and Gertsch 1964.
5915 6072 7026 7131 7235 7313 7323 7418 7420[MCZ] 7433 7507 7519 7521 7523 7524
7533 7616 7621 7623 7703 7712 7714 7718 7722 7730 8029 8122 8214 8624 8873 8921
§ Uloborus nr. diversus Marx
Ref.: Muma and Gertsch 1964. My one female does not correspond closely to Muma
and Gertsch's illustrations, but on geographic grounds the identification seems
likely.
7199
Family DICTYNIDAE
See under Agelenidae for comments on Lehtinen's (1967) expansion of this family, rejected here. The revision of Dictynidae by Chamberlin and Gertsch (1958) was a major accomplishment but is little help in identifying female Dictyna, for which careful study of external and internal genitalia (epigynum, spermathecae, and associated ducts) and somatic characters is needed.
Argenna yakima Chamberlin and Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
Chamberlin and Gertsch (1958): "White River, 5000' " (6816); type locality (foot
of Emmons Glacier, Mt. Rainier).
§ Brommella monticola (Gertsch and Mulaik)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958 (as Pagomys monticola). This genus may
not be dictynid; it was placed next to Cicurina, here considered an Agelenid,
by Lehtinen (1967).
6122
Tricholathys spiralis Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6873
§ Tricholathys rothi Chamberlin and Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6632 8029
§ Tricholathys sp. #2
F in UWBM.
6901
§ Tricholathys sp. #3
F in UWBM.
7696
§ Tricholathys sp. #4
F in UWBM.
6072
Lathys delicatula (Gertsch and Mulaik)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
A record from "Friday Harbor, Washington" (8530) was considered doubtful by Chamberlin
and Gertsch (1958), as the species was not otherwise recorded closer than the
central Rocky Mountains. Several species not otherwise found in western Washington
have disjunct populations in the Olympic rain shadow (including Friday Harbor),
so I prefer to accept this record pending further evidence.
§ Lathys sp. #1
F in UWBM.
8999
Mallos niveus O. Pickard-Cambridge
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
8372 8597 8694
Mallos pallidus (Banks)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6209 6910[MCZ] 7403 7998
§ Dictyna nr. bicornis Emerton
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
This species and D. terranea, with several others, were placed by Lehtinen
(1967) in Phantyna, which had been synonymized under Dictyna by
Chamberlin and Gertsch (1958). Lehtinen gave no reasons for revalidating Phantyna,
and seems to have been confused about the distinction, since he listed Dictyna
mandibularis Taczanowski under both Dictyna and Phantyna. These
species appear to me to be typical of Dictyna, and I follow Chamberlin
and Gertsch in considering Phantyna a synonym.
6688
Dictyna terranea Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6894 6992 7002 7403 8680
Dictyna calcarata Banks
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958. F easily mistaken for a Mallos or Tricholathys.
5714 7403 7623
§ Dictyna minuta Emerton
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6704 8395
§ Dictyna brevitarsus Emerton
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6513 7009 "Cle Elum" (7109-7209) 7211 7730 7833 8372 8698
Dictyna bostoniensis Emerton
D. sociella of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7502
Dictyna major Menge
D. vincens of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6072 6016 6216 6504 6632 6719 6892 6814[MCZ] 6828 6905 6928 6934 7027 7131 7133
7211 7212 7235 7475 7414 7520 7696 7623 7723 7809 7931 7934 8029 8372 8410 8572
8578 8506
§ Dictyna tridentata Bishop and Ruderman
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7009 8918
Dictyna coloradensis Chamberlin
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6072 6386 6488 6673 6688 6704 6892 6894 6804 6991 6992 6900 7099 7385 7475 7593
7683 7693 7696 7783 8597
Dictyna saepei Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7099 7299 7303 7602 7623 7703 7882 7998 8182 8122
The following named Dictyna species belong to the subgenus Emblyna Chamberlin;
Lehtinen (1967) treated this as a genus, but gave no reasons for the change.
§ Dictyna manitoba Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7475 8372
§ Dictyna uintana Chamberlin
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6072 6804 6806 7107 7475 7507 7903 8970
Dictyna peragrata Bishop and Ruderman
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
5916 6016 6018 6216 6336 7730
§ Dictyna chitina Chamberlin and Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958 (M only). MF in UWBM.
5714 5715 6905 7009 7108 7110 7205 7305 7603 7604 7703 7903 8395 8506 8699 8790
8997
Dictyna francisca Bishop and Ruderman
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6504
Dictyna annulipes (Blackwall)
D. insolens of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6632 7475 8372
§ Dictyna phylax Gertsch and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
8572
§ Dictyna horta Gertsch and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6992
Dictyna olympiana Chamberlin
D. olympiana of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7623
Dictyna borealis cavernosa Jones
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
Probably this form will one day be restored to full species status. The main justification
for reducing it to subspecies (an unusual category among spiders) was that "until
more information on the typical species is available, it seems logical to take
this course" (Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958).
6122 6817 8506 8706
§ Dictyna completa Chamberlin and Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6297 6488 6892 6894 6991 6992 7475 7593
§ Dictyna artemisia Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6992
§ Dictyna piratica Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
7103 7693
Dictyna littoricolens Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
Jones (1948, as D. acuta Jones): "Soap Lake, beach of N. shore" (ca. 7494).
Dictyna reticulata Gertsch and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6192 6397 6688 7199 7593
§ Dictyna shoshonea Chamberlin and Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin and Gertsch 1958.
6072 6496 7107 7593
§ Dictyna sp. #1
This belongs to the D. uintana complex, whose very similar members differ
chiefly in proportional width of the male palp (in order of increasing width:
#1, D. peragrata, D. chitina, D. uintana). Female differences are
subtle. Nonetheless, I believe all four to be distinct. MF in UWBM.
6016 6216 6240 6827 7026 7328 7332 7533 7730 7938 8029 8241 8699 8618 8918
§ Dictyna sp. #2
Resembles D. jonesae Roewer. M in UWBM.
8505
§ Dictyna sp. #3
Resembles D. phylax. M in UWBM.
5715 7730
§ Dictyna sp. #4
F in UWBM.
7703 8182 8694
§ Dictyna sp. #5
Close to D. major, but minute differences in male palp appear consistent.
MF in UWBM.
6685 6892 6894 6992 7199 7593 7693
§ Dictyna sp. #6
Resembles D. uintana. F in UWBM.
8790
§ Dictyna sp. #7
Resembles D. manitoba. M in UWBM.
7332
Family TITANOECIDAE
The removal of this family from Amaurobiidae by Lehtinen (1967) appears valid to me, despite the objections raised by Leech (1972), because members lack the trichobothrial pattern characteristic of all Amaurobiidae and Agelenidae (q.v.).
Titanoeca nigrella (Chamberlin)
Amaurobius americanus of W. Ref.: Leech 1972.
6704 6709 6992 6900 7008 7103 7475 7575 7901 8694
Family AMAUROBIIDAE
Callobius canada (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Leech 1972. Leech's key to the genus Callobius is not always reliable,
and determinations should be confirmed by genitalic details, especially the median
apophysis in males and the shape and relative size of ectal, lateral, and posterior
lobes in females. Relative eye size is sometimes useful also.
5712 5714 7008 7103 7107 7108 7110 7211 7303 7305 7307 7504 7507 7603 7607 7703
7807 7809 7903 8399 8497 8790 8999
Callobius deces (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Leech 1972.
6528 6826 6827 7028 7429 "Seattle"
Callobius enus (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Leech 1972.
7809
Callobius tamarus (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Leech 1972.
Chamberlin (1947): "Wawawai" (ca. 6673).
Callobius nevadensis (Simon)
Amaurobius nevadensis of W. Ref.: Leech 1972.
5712 5714 6804 6905 7103 7105 7107 8587 8597 8786
Callobius nomeus (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Leech 1972.
6122 6719 7828 7934 8511 8790 8997
Callobius rothi Leech
Ref.: Leech 1972.
Leech (1972): "Olympia" (7028). Leech considered this record doubtful since the
other records of C. rothi are from central California. However, even greater
range extensions have occurred. Data from this collector, Trevor Kincaid, are
generally trustworthy.
Callobius pictus (Simon)
Amaurobius pictus of W. Ref.: Leech 1972.
6335 7031 7222 "Tacoma" (7224-7225) 7227 7235 7319 7323 7324 7423 7519 7522 7537
7616 7617 7620 7621 7622 7623 7714 7718 7723 7731 7822 7828 8122 8123 8147[MCZ]
8214 8215 8517 8522 8525 8921
Callobius severus (Simon)
Amaurobius severus of W. Ref.: Leech 1972.
6335 6336 6827 6922 7028 7029 7125 7320 7321 7323 7324 7331 7522 7622 7623 7722
7723 8517
§ Callobius sp. #1
Resembles C. nomeus. MF in UWBM.
6016 6122 7305 7703
§ Callobius sp. #2
Related to C. pictus. M in UWBM.
6028
§ Callobius sp. #3
Related to C. pictus and C. nevadensis. F in UWBM.
8530
Callioplus macarius Chamberlin
Ref.: Leech 1972.
6121 6122 7312 7710 7711
Callioplus wabritaskus Leech
Ref.: Leech 1972.
7110 8572
Callioplus spenceri Leech
Ref.: Leech 1972.
6221
§ Callioplus sp. #1
Resembles C. macarius. MF in UWBM.
6917 7018 7414
§ Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer)
Ref.: Leech 1972.
7623 7624
Zanomys kaiba Chamberlin
Ref.: Leech 1972.
Leech (1972): "Tieton River at 10 mi E. Rimrock" (6609); "17 mi N. Naches"; "5
mi S. Spokane."
Zanomys aquilonia Leech
Ref.: Leech 1972.
5714 5915
Ecribellate Entelegyne Families:
Family PHOLCIDAE
Pholcophora americana Banks
Ref.: Gertsch 1935 (M); Chamberlin and Ivie 1935 (F discussed under P. obscura
); Gertsch 1982 (MF; places P. obscura Chamberlin and Ivie as a synonym
with no discussion; I would be surprised to find this correct).
5915 6122 6504 6704 6999 6900 6902 7099 7103 7107 7108 7475 7575 7696 7605 7783
8099 8694 "Palmer Mountain" (8895-8896)
Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin)
P. phalangioides of W. Ref.: Kaston 1948.
5726 6335 7423 7523 7622 7623 7822 8323 8517
Psilochorus hesperus Gertsch and Ivie
Psilochorus fluvius Exline, 1937 NEW SYNONYM
Ref.: Gertsch and Ivie 1936. P. fluvius was published as a nomen nudum
by Exline (1937). The unpublished description (Exline 1936b) leaves no doubt
of the synonymy.
6386 6597 6504 6688 6704 6709 6899 6804 6805 6806 6992 6999 6900 6901 6902 6905
6934[anomalous but genuine western Washington record] 7099 7002 7003 7008 7199
7103 7104 7299 7385 7303 7403 7592 7504 7696 7601 7602 7603 7998 8694
§ Psilochorus sp. #1
Resembles P. hesperus. M in UWBM.
6488 7199
Family MIMETIDAE
§ Ero canionis Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Kaston 1948.
7026 7323 7623 8790
Mimetus hesperus Chamberlin
M. hesperus of W. Ref.: Chamberlin 1923.
6397 6794[MCZ] 7103 7498 7504
Family TETRAGNATHIDAE
Many authors have limited this family to a group of "primitive" orbweavers closely related to Tetragnatha. Levi (1980), however, showed that far from being primitive as previously assumed, those genera are derived from more typical orbweavers. He proposed a three-subfamily classification of Metinae, Tetragnathinae, and Araneinae in the family Araneidae. Brignoli (1983), Merrett et al. (1985), and others have made opposite use of Levi's results by raising all three to family rank. Both classifications are invalidated by the results of Coddington (1986) and Levi (1986), showing that the Metinae and Tetragnathinae cannot be maintained in separate families, but that the two taken together form a group not closely related to the Araneidae. The genus Zygiella is placed here rather than in Araneidae following Levi (1980, 1986).
Subfamily METINAE
Metellina curtisi (McCook)
Cyrtophora californiensis of W. Ref.: Levi 1980.
6022 6028 6240 6335 6336 6337 6340 6528 6632 6740 6821 6822 6827 6928 6934 7026
7028 7032 7034 7041 7131 7235 7319 7330 7332 7420[MCZ] 7433 7517 7518 7519 7520
7521 7523 7524 7533 7616 7618 7620 7621 7624 7630 7643 7718 7723 7730 7821 7839
7936 7938 8029 8118 8119 8122 8123 8125 8146 8147 8213 8214 8241 8516 8517 8518
8520 8523 8525 8530 8624 8687 8730 8921
§ Metellina mimetoides Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Levi 1980. Although Levi presented Washington map dots, no verifiable records
from the state have previously appeared.
6022 6709 6827 7028 7507 7518 7531 7533 7607 7809 8516
§ Metellina segmentata (Clerck) FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Levi 1980. This European species, first introduced to North America at Vancouver,
British Columbia, first record 1966 (Levi 1980), was found at the northern edge
of Washington in 1986.
8921
Zygiella dispar (Kulczynski)
Z. californica of W (in part). Ref.: Gertsch 1964; Levi 1974a.
8029 8146 8617 8730
Zygiella carpenteri Archer
Ref.: Gertsch 1964; Levi 1974a.
Gertsch (1964): "Fishtrap Lake, 35 miles SW of Spokane" (7378).
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck)
Z. californica of W (in part). Ref.: Gertsch 1964; Levi 1974a.
5626 5923 6335 6337 6340 7119 7323 7331 7522 7524 7526 7622 7623 7624 "Everett"
(7921-7922) 8129 8323
§ Zygiella atrica (C. Koch)
Ref.: Gertsch 1964; Levi 1974a.
7323 7522 7622 7623 8122
Subfamily TETRAGNATHINAE
Tetragnatha extensa (Linné)
Ref.: Levi 1981.
6928 7026 7199 7502 "Seattle" 8146 8372 8572 8790
Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer
T. elongata of W. Ref.: Levi 1981.
6918 7222 7622
Tetragnatha versicolor Walckenaer
T. extensa of W. Ref.: Levi 1981.
5916 5918 5919 6072 6016 6017 6018 6022 6023 6122 6216 6221 6240 6386 6335 6336
6504 6513 6519 6522 6528 6678 6685[MCZ] 6632 6639 6794[MCZ] 6704 6709 6717 6723
6740 6894 6804 6805 6817 6821 6822 6826 6827 6828 6991 6992 6999 6902 6905 6907
6928 7099 7006 7009 7020 7026 7028 7031 7032 7103 7105 7107 7108 7110 7131 7299
7210 7212 7220 7234 7235 7305 7313 7319 7328 7330 7332 7475 7405 7414 7417 7421
7429 7433 7593 7507 7518 7519 7533 7693 7603 7604 7605 7616 7618 7622 7627 7703
7710 7712 7721 7723 7730 7809 7822 7833 7839 7931 7934 7936 7938 8122 8146 8147[MCZ]
8201 8241 8372 8399 8317 8497 8410 8572 8597 8511 8517 8518 8694 8617 8618 8790
8799 8872 8895 8818 8970 8997 8918
Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz
T. laboriosa of W. Ref.: Levi 1981.
5716 5915 5916 6072 6016 6028 6178 6122 6297 6216 6221 6240 6397 6335 6336 6488
6438 6504 6513 6522 6538 6688 6632 6639 6717 6719 6740 6892 6894 6804 6805 6817
6822 6827 6828 6829 6992 6902 6905 6907 6921 6928 6934 7099 7002 7006 7009 7026
7027 7028 7030 7199 7105 7131 7133 7212 7223 7234 7235 7385 7305 7311 7315 7319
7328 7332 7475 7414 7421 7423 7429 7433 7575 7592 7593 7518 7520 7522 7523 7533
7693 7696 7604 7605 7617 7618 7622 7623 7624 7629 7643 7789 7714 7721 7722 7723
7730 7809 7822 7828 7833 7839 7931 7934 7938 7946 8029 8035 8042 8122 8146 8147
8299 8201 8214 8241 8372 8399 8317 8497 8499 8572 8598 8506 8507 8511 8524 8687
8694 8699 8617 8618 8790 8895 8970 8973 8997 8918 8921
Tetragnatha pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge
Ref.: Levi 1981.
7723 8241
Tetragnatha caudata Emerton
Ref.: Levi 1981.
6740 7328 7332 7475 7520 7622 7623 8146
Tetragnatha shoshone Levi
Ref.: Levi 1981.
7429
Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton
Ref.: Levi 1981.
Exline (1936b): "Toutle River." This record was repeated by Levi (1981), who examined
the Exline collection but did not cite Exline's other two records, from "Chase
Lake" (7723) and "Seattle"; it may be assumed that these were misidentifications.
§ Pachygnatha dorothea McCook
Ref.: Levi 1980.
7332 7518 7622 7623
Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. Koch
Ref.: Levi 1980.
Exline (1936b): "Seattle" "Tanwax Lake" (6922). These records may be incorrect,
as Exline's Pachygnatha were identified by E. Bryant who, according to
Levi (1980), confused P. xanthostoma with P. dorothea and P.
brevis Keyserling. Levi's only Washington record of P. xanthostoma
was an unverifiable map dot from the northeast corner of the state.
§ Pachygnatha clerckii Sundevall
Ref.: Levi 1980.
8790
Family ARANEIDAE
Argiope trifasciata (Forskål)
A. trifasciata of W. Ref.: Levi 1968.
6072 6292 6504 "Tieton" (6607-6707) 6892 6804 6992 6905 "Moses Lake" (7092-7193)
"Soap Lake" (ca. 7494) 7403 7592 7593 7502 7504 7520 7522 7693 7789 7800 7901
7922 7924
Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer)
N. arabesca of W. Ref.: Berman and Levi 1971.
6581[MCZ] 6504[MCZ] 6685[MCZ] 6905 7593 8122
Neoscona oaxacensis (Keyserling)
N. oaxacensis of W. Ref.: Berman and Levi 1971.
6597 6697 6804 6992 "Moses Lake" (7092-7193) "Soap Lake" (ca. 7494) 7593 7693
Metepeira foxi Gertsch and Ivie
Metepeira lanei Exline, 1937 NEW SYNONYM
Ref.: Levi 1977b. M. lanei was published as a nomen nudum by Exline
(1937). The synonymy is apparent from the unpublished description (Exline 1936b).
6386 6397 6488 6496 6497 6597 6688 6805 6992 6900 7099 7199 7299 7385 "Soap Lake"
(ca. 7494) 7593 7696 8300 8597
Metepeira grandiosa grandiosa Chamberlin and Ivie
M. labyrinthea of W. Ref.: Levi 1977b.
Worley (1932): "Wawawai" (ca. 6673) "Yakima."
Exline (1936b): "Grand Coulee." All these records were under M. labyrinthea
(Hentz). Levi (1977b) placed a map dot in the vicinity of Wawawai.
Hypsosinga variabilis (Emerton)
Linyphia banksi of W. Ref.: Levi 1972. Levi (1975b) has synonymized
this species under Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall). Based on published illustrations,
I doubt this synonymy and do not accept it here (SYNONYMY REJECTED).
8572
§ Hypsosinga funebris (Keyserling)
Ref.: Levi 1972 (as H. singaeformis Scheffer; synonymy by Levi 1975b).
7498
Cyclosa conica (Pallas)
C. conica of W. Ref.: Levi 1977a.
5916 6018 6022 6814[MCZ] 6907 7003 7028 7034 7103 7107 7108 7211 7220 7305 7475
7409 7417 7421 7507 7518 7533 7605 7623 7625 7723 7809 7931[MCZ] 7936 7938 8029
8372 8317 8497 8517 8970 8973
§ Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer)
Ref.: Levi 1977a. Levi's distribution map of this species shows two Washington
dots, but these are the first verifiable Washington records.
7429 7622
Larinia borealis Banks
L. borealis of W. Ref.: Levi 1975a. There has been confusion concerning
the type series of this species. Banks (1894a) cited six syntypes: four from Olympia
(7028), Washington, and two from Franconia, New Hampshire. Grasshoff (1971) and
Levi (1975a) referred only to the New Hampshire syntypes, Grasshoff saying there
were two females; Levi, one female and two juveniles. But until a lectotype is
formally designated, no restriction of the syntype series or type locality is
valid [ICZN Articles 73 (b), 74 (a)]. Thus Olympia, not mentioned as a locality
by Levi or Grasshoff, is still part of the composite type locality. Levi showed
a map dot in eastern Washington.
Araneus diadematus Clerck
A. diadematus of W. Ref.: Levi 1971.
5626 5716 5726 5923 6022 6028 6221 6335 6632 6721 6928 7027 7028 7223 "Tacoma"
(7224-7225) 7227 7235 7323 7331 7422 7423 7520 7522 7523 7524 7526 7530 7622 7623
7624 7714 7721 7722 7822 "Everett" (7921-7922) 8029 8118 8122 8129 8227 8517 8523
8821 8973 8921
Araneus saevus L. Koch
A. solitarius and A. angulatus of W. Ref.: Levi 1971.
"McNeil Island" (7126-7226) 7315 8973
Araneus nordmanni Thorell
A. nordmanni of W. Ref.: Levi 1971.
6018 6817 6918 7227 7311 7415 7714 7934 7936 8317 8618 8805 8918
Araneus marmoreus Clerck
A. marmoreus of W. Ref.: Levi 1971.
6335 6827 7028 7235 "Seattle" 7526 7839 8018 8617
Araneus trifolium Hentz
A. trifolium of W. Ref.: Levi 1971.
6918 7027 7212 7235 7313 7520 "Seattle" 7822 8018 8122 8790 8973
Araneus gemmoides Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Levi 1971. Levi's key and descriptions suggest that A. gemmoides
differs from A. gemma in the female by its smaller epigynum; but I have
found by image superposition that the epigyna of the two species are essentially
the same size. That of A. gemmoides appears smaller because the abdomen
is much larger. A. gemma's epigynum is less triangular and its border is
less marked; compare Levi's figures 195 and 203.
5914 6083 6694 6605 6771 7028 "Soap Lake" (ca. 7494) 7403 7405 "Seattle" "Wilbur"
(7786-7787) 7902 8410 8530
Araneus gemma McCook
A. gemmus of W. Ref.: Levi 1971. Levi's figures 203-204 match the epigyna
of Washington material; figures 205-209 may represent another species.
6016 8973
Aculepeira packardii (Thorell)
Araneus aculeatus of W. Ref.: Levi 1977b.
I doubt very much that all the spiders treated under this name by Levi (1977b)
are really conspecific. Possibly as many as three species occur in Washington,
but I do not yet have enough material to separate them reliably.
6216 6496 6513 6717 6740 6814 6992 6900 6905 7009 7018 7299 7222 7319[MCZ] 7520
7696 7833 7934 8147[MCZ] 8506 8511 8818 8999 8918 8921
§ Aculepeira carbonarioides (Keyserling)
Ref.: Levi 1977b.
8999
Araniella displicata (Hentz)
Araneus cucurbitinus of W. Ref.: Levi 1974b.
5712 5915 6083 6016 6017 6018 6022 6122 6216 6221 6513 6673 6717 6740 6814[MCZ]
6815 6817 6827 6910[MCZ] 6921 6928 7009 7020 7026 7028 7032 7103 7105 7107 7108
7133 7207 7210 7211 7220 7315 7330 7332 7414 7417 7433 7506 7507 7520 7521 7530
7533 7603 7604 7622 7623 7721 7723 7730 7809 7818 7902 7903 7931 7934 7936 7946
8029 8122 8299 8214 8216 8317 8497 8578 8597 8507 8530 8699 8617 8618 8790 8970
8997 8918
Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck)
Araneus patagiatus of W. Ref.: Levi 1974b (as Nuctenea patagiata).
This and the two following species have been placed provisionally in a number
of araneid genera, but the transfer to Larinioides by Grasshoff (1983)
should be comparatively stable.
6083 6018 6022 6335 6673 6639 6704 6804 6822 6992 6928 6934 7027 7028 7104 7131
7475 7405 7414 7417 7420 7576 7593 7518 7526 7693 7622 7623 7624 7629 "Newman
Lake" (7770-7771) 7783 7721 7723 7822 8147 8372 8572 8973
§ Larinioides cornutus (Clerck)
Ref.: Levi 1974b (as Nuctenea cornuta). I would not be surprised if this
name proved to conceal several sibling species. My material (all from the Washington
coast) is certainly atypical.
7643 8147 8346
Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck)
Araneus sericatus of W. Ref.: Levi 1974b (as Nuctenea sclopetaria).
7028 7323 7522 7622 7623 8323
Family MYSMENIDAE
See Platnick and Shadab (1978) and Coddington (1986) for information on this relatively new family, formerly treated as part of the Symphytognathidae.
§ Trogloneta sp. #1
Close to T. paradoxa Gertsch (1960a), but with small genitalic differences.
Authors have treated this generic name as neuter, but it apparently should be
feminine.
5715 7303 7603 7730 7839
Family THERIDIIDAE
Argyrodes fictilium (Hentz)
Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962.
"Seattle" 8214
Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck)
Ref.: Hippa and Oksala 1982.
5620 5714 5715 6072 6221 6540 6632 6704 6740 6806 6821 6822 6829 6905 6934 7009
7026 7027 7107 7131 7133 7223 7235 7305 7322 7323 7328 7475 7420[MCZ] 7421 7423
7519 7520 7523 7622 7623 7720 7721 7722 7723 7730 7816 7821 7822 8029 8042 8122
8139 8147 8241 8372 8578 8597 8524 8525 8617 8821
§ Enoplognatha latimana Hippa and Oksala
Ref.: Hippa and Oksala 1982.
6293[MCZ] 6221 6504[MCZ] 7475 7833 7934
§ Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn)
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6828 6829 6928 7131 7429 7622 7623
Enoplognatha marmorata (Hentz)
E. tecta and E. mimoides of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6717 7402 8699
Enoplognatha joshua Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Levi 1957a. As Gertsch (1960b) pointed out, Levi's treatment of E. joshua
is a composite of several sibling species. The Washington records appear to represent
true E. joshua.
6999 6900 6901 7603
§ Enoplognatha intrepida (Sørensen)
Ref.: Levi 1957a. My specimens (I have only females) belong to two distinct varieties
which may well be species.
7604 7882 8790 8999
Crustulina sticta (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
C. borealis, C. pallipes, and C. guttata of W. Ref: Levi 1957b.
6028 6221 6528 6894 6814[MCZ] 6928 7303 7330 7332 7429 8999
§ Steatoda washona Gertsch
Ref.: Gertsch 1960b. Levi and Randolph (1975) did not accept Gertsch's species
in the Steatoda fulva group, citing Levi (1959) in support. However, though
Levi (1959) discussed Gertsch's ideas, his paper was not a refutation of Gertsch's
subsequent one (1960b). Moreover, in my view Levi's (1959) data support Gertsch's
(1960b) contention that there are four or five species, not one, in the Steatoda
medialis series.
6293[MCZ]
Steatoda pulchra (Keyserling)
Lithyphantes pulcher of W. Ref.: Gertsch 1960b. Both Levi (1957b) and
Gertsch (1960b) placed this species under the feminine name Steatoda, but
neither corrected the gender of the specific name. Although Gertsch cited
the distribution of this species as "California and Oregon," the type locality
is "Washington Territory," clarified by Worley (1932) as "Camp Umatilla" (probably
ca. 5993).
8694
§ Steatoda fulva (Keyserling)
Ref.: Gertsch 1960b.
6192 6704
Steatoda albomaculata (de Geer)
Lithyphantes corollatus of W. Ref: Levi 1957b.
6178[MCZ] 6122 6609 6814[MCZ] 7097 7103 7932
Steatoda americana (Emerton)
Asagena americana of W. Ref: Levi 1957b.
Worley 1932: "Olympia" (7028) "Cypress Island" (8526-8527) "Orcas Island" (8627-8630).
Steatoda grossa (C. Koch)
Ref: Levi 1957b.
5726 6335 6823 7223 7323 7422 7423 7522 7523 7524 7622 7623 7723 8323 8530
§ Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer)
Ref: Levi 1957b.
7402 7521
Steatoda hespera Chamberlin and Ivie
Steatoda borealis of W. Ref: Levi 1957b.
5916 7009 7107 7809 7936 8505 8698 8699 8790 8873 8973
Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin and Ivie
L. mactans of W. Ref.: Kaston 1970.
5714 6292 "Zillah" (6302-6402) 6471 6581 6582 6504 6673 6685 6694 6605 6804 6991
6992 6999 6900 7099 7002 7006 7199 "Cle Elum" (7109-7209) 7299 "Soap Lake" (ca.
7494) 7404 7593 7696 "Brewster" (8097-8198) 8297 8227 8595 8596 8530 8694 8629
Robertus vigerens (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Kaston 1946 (as Ctenium vigerens).
6121 6122 6216 6240 6524 6717 6822 6915 6921 7110 7220 7223 7414 7517 7518 7603
7624 7708 7710 7723 7833 7839 7938 8034 8213 8214 8372 8518 8523 8918 8920 8921
§ Robertus sp. #1
A distinctive species; F in UWBM.
8997
Dipoena "nigra" (Emerton)
D. tibialis of W. Ref.: Levi 1953. Levi's description of D. nigra
clearly lumps several good species. It is possible that neither of my two species
in this group is true D. nigra, judging from Emerton's (1882) original
description. One is probably D. tibialis Banks. Species A corresponds to
Levi's figures 44-45.
Species A: 6992 7433 7604 7809 8572 8597 8505
Species B: 7009 7105 8572
Dipoena washougalia Levi
Ref.: Levi 1953 (M only).
6632
§ Dipoena lana Levi
Ref.: Levi 1953 (F only).
7623
§ Dipoena sp. #1
A distinctive species; F in UWBM.
7107
§ Dipoena sp. #2
Like D. washougalia but palp distinct. M in UWBM.
7630
Euryopis formosa Banks
E. formosa of W. Ref.: Levi 1954.
5712 6122 6910[MCZ] 7103 7108 7305 7475 7807 7809
§ Achaearanea acoreensis (Berland)
Ref.: Levi 1967.
6632 7623 7624
§ Achaearanea "canionis" (Chamberlin and Gertsch)
Ref.: Levi 1955. Levi's description includes at least three species (Gertsch 1960b);
the original description by Chamberlin and Gertsch (1929) is of no help in deciding
which is the true A. canionis. My specimens correspond to Levi's fig. 61.
7475 8378
Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. Koch)
Theridion tepidariorum of W. Ref.: Levi 1955; Kaston 1948.
5626 5726 5923 6022 6335 6337 7027 7028 7034 7222 7322 7323 7331 7332 7403 7420
7423 7622 7623 7723 7822 "Everett" (7921-7922) 8122 8323 8517 8821
§ Chrysso pelyx (Levi)
Ref.: Levi 1958 (as Arctachaea pelyx).
7601[MCZ]
Thymoites pictipes (Banks)
Ref.: Levi 1957a (as Paidisca pictipes).
Levi 1957a: "Seattle."
Thymoites camano (Levi)
Ref.: Levi 1957a (as Paidisca camano).
5714 6022 6023 7303 7519 7623 7730 8921
Theridion murarium Emerton
T. murarium of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
8973
Theridion petraeum L. Koch
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6992 6905 7603 7901
Theridion differens Emerton
T. differens of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6022 7131 7211 7328 7475 7429 8372 8572
Theridion michelbacheri Levi
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6828
§ Theridion berkeleyi Emerton
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
7575 7809
Theridion varians Hahn
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6632 6822 7131 7222 7223 7520 7523 7622 7623 7720 7822 8122 8317 8821 8921
Theridion simile C. Koch
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6028 6827 6828 6829 6921 7028 7131 7133 7222 7328 7332 7429 7518 7622 7623 7721
8125
Theridion melanurum Hahn
T. dorsatum of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
5923 7323 7423 7524 7623 7721 7723
Theridion tinctum (Walckenaer)
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
5923 6028 6335 6632 6829 7026 7027 7131 7222 7319[MCZ] 7323 7420[MCZ] 7422 7520
7521 7522 7523 7524 7621 7623 7722 7723 7822 8517 8921
Theridion saanichum Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Levi 1957a. Females of this species are not easy to identify using Levi's
description; his fig. 250 is apparently a posterior rather than a ventral view.
6335 7931 8029 8122 8146
Theridion lawrencei Gertsch and Archer
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
5916 6016 6221 6817 7604 7730 7731
Theridion montanum Emerton
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
7730 8317 8970
Theridion leechi Gertsch and Archer
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
7107 7108 7211 7475 7603 7605 7809
Theridion punctipes Emerton
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
Levi 1957a: "Chevalis," i.e., Chehalis (6629).
Theridion neomexicanum Banks
T. placens of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6072 6221 6910[MCZ] 7009 7105 7108[MCZ] 7210 7305 7403 7507 7603 7703 7721 7903
8299 8399 8300 8497 8498 8597 8521 8698 8790
Theridion bimaculatum (Linné)
Ref.: Levi 1956 (as Neottiura bimaculata).
6121 6122 6216 6221 6504 6827 6828 6829 6928 6934 7027 7028 7108[MCZ] 7131 7133
7211 7315 7328 7332 7420[MCZ] 7421 7429 7622 7623 7721 7822 7931[MCZ] 7932 8029
8122 8125 8139 8147 8372 8317 8572
Theridion frondeum Hentz
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
Levi 1957a: "Spokane County."
Theridion agrifoliae Levi
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6740 8029 8122 8125 8139[MCZ] 8147[MCZ] 8241
Theridion californicum Banks
T. californicum of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6022 6240 6632 7026 7131 7328 7330 7533 7720 7721 7723 8029 8122 8125 8147 8214
Theridion sexpunctatum Emerton
T. sexpunctatum of W. Ref.: Levi 1957a.
5620 6072 6023 6028 6122 6221 6240 6335 6336 6522 6528 6740 6821 6822 6827 6828
6829 6921 6928 6934 7026 7027 7028 7031 7032 7041 7108 7110 7131 7133 7220 7227
7234 7235 7319 7322 7323 7328 7332 7414 7418 7423 7429 7433 7517 7518 7519 7520
7521 7522 7523 7524 7533 7537 7605 7607 7616 7617 7620 7621 7622 7623 7624 7630
7710 7712 7714 7718 7720 7722 7723 7728 7730 7731 7809 7822 7839 7931 7938 7946
8029 8122 8123 8125 8139 8146 8147 8213 8214 8241 8372 8346 8506 8518 8523 8617
8618 8970 8921
§ Theridion ohlertii Thorell
Ref.: Levi 1957a.
6122 7205 7211 7710 7903 7934 8970
Family NESTICIDAE
Nesticus silvestrii Fage
Ref.: Gertsch 1984. My females differ from Gertsch's illustrations in the more
central position and inward curvature of the accessory spermathecal lobes.
6022 6122 6340 6740 7041 7332 7519 7521 7522 7523 7621 8035 8119 8372 8518 8522
8523 8921
Family LINYPHIIDAE
There has been little agreement on the limits of this family. The species with simpler genitalia and/or fewer leg spines have usually been grouped together in either a subfamily or a separate family, called Erigonidae (Erigoninae) or Micryphantidae (Micryphantinae). The latter name is now known to be invalid. Recent studies of the respiratory system (Millidge 1984a, 1986) show that Erigoninae is a valid grouping but that the defining character, a unique development of the tracheae, is discordant with characters formerly used to define the group as a family. Millidge's classification of the Linyphiidae is the best to date and is followed here, with the exception that his "Stemonyphantes group" is included under Linyphiinae for convenience.
Subfamily ERIGONINAE
To clarify somewhat the relationships of this complex group, I have arranged the numerous erigonine genera according to the palpal-conformation groups of Millidge (1977). Genera not treated by Millidge are placed only tentatively.
Group 5 (Millidge 1977)
Erigone aletris Crosby and Bishop
Erigone labra Crosby and Bishop, 1928; E. metlakatla Crosby and
Bishop, 1928 NEW SYNONYMS
Ref.: Snazell 1980. Snazell showed that E. olympias Crosby and Bishop is
synonymous with E. aletris. Crosby and Bishop based several of their Erigone
species on the proportions of the male palp tibia and patella and the shape
of the male palp femur. My numerous material of E. aletris shows that these
characters are polymorphic; the proportions vary greatly according to the size
of the specimen. The diagnostic characters in male Erigone are the embolic
division and shape of the end of the palp tibia (Holm 1956). These remain constant
throughout the present species. Crosby and Bishop's (1928) illustrations show
that the embolic divisions of E. labra, E. metlakatla, and E. olympias
are essentially identical (their figures 55, 58, and 61). I have specimens
corresponding to all three "species" and others intermediate between them.
6028 6122 6221 "Yakima" (6504-6605) 6528 6636 6639 6817 6928 7030 7220 7223 7227
7315 7319 7403 7417 7518 7533 7622 7623 7721 7723 7730 7818 7833 7931[MCZ] 8029
8147 8241 8425 8572 8624 8921
§ Erigone arctophylacis Crosby and Bishop FIRST U.S. RECORD.
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M); Holm 1973 (F). My males from the Olympic
Mountains correspond closely to Crosby and Bishop's type from Arctic Canada, but
Olympic females show differences from the Siberian female illustrated by Holm.
Holm's drawing is more like, and may be, E. arcticola Chamberlin and Ivie.
7833
Erigone coloradensis Keyserling
E. coloradensis of W. Ref.: Keyserling 1886.
The identity of this species is uncertain. Crosby and Bishop (1928) treated it
as a nomen dubium and to my knowledge it has not been reinvestigated. The
types, presumably in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris),
should be examined. The record by Worley (1932) from "Olympia" (7028) is possibly
a misidentification.
§ Erigone dentigera O. Pickard-Cambridge
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928.
6221 7027 7131 7220 7315 7414 7622 7623 7624 7721 7722 7723 7931[MCZ] 7833 7934
8029
Erigone dentosa O. Pickard-Cambridge
E. californica of W. Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928.
5916 6072 6121 6122 6297 6221 6397 6678 6685 6688 6717 6719 6873 6894 6817 6917
7009 7028 7103 7105 7107 7110 7385 "Soap Lake" (ca. 7494) 7305 7315 7475 7403
7593 7519 7520 7693 7605 7833 "Diamond Lake" (8171-8172) 8201 8372 8497 8597 8970
Erigone ostiaria Crosby and Bishop
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928.
Crosby and Bishop 1928: "Edmonds" (ca. 4823), type locality.
Erigone paradisicola Crosby and Bishop
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M); Crawford and Edwards in press (MF). MF in UWBM.
6513 6717 6817 7009 7414 7833 7934 8511 8699 8617 8618 8997
§ Erigone zographica Crosby and Bishop
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M only). MF in UWBM. Eastern and western Washington
populations differ slightly but are probably conspecific. Erigone viabilis
Chamberlin and Ivie (1933) is probably a synonym.
7029 7622 7623 7624 7722 7822 "Camano Island" (8124-8225) 8970
§ Erigone sp. #1
Resembles E. capra Simon. F in UWBM.
7429
§ Erigone sp. #2
Resembles E. atra (Blackwall). F in UWBM.
6221
§ Erigone sp. #3
Close to E. zographica. M in UWBM.
7026
§ Eperigone lindrothi Holm
Ref.: Holm 1960.
8029
§ Eperigone trilobata (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928; Millidge 1987. Millidge's Washington records are
not verifiable.
6122 6221 6240 6740 6992 6928 7029 7417 7422 7622 7623 7624 8921
§ Eperigone sp. #2
Related to E. socius Chamberlin. F in UWBM.
6639
§ Eperigone sp. #3
Apparently distinct; F in UWBM.
6221
Montilaira perplexa (Keyserling)
Catabrithorax perplexus of W. Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M); Keyserling
1886 (F). Montilaira was synonymized under Catabrithorax by Crosby
and Bishop (1928), but Chamberlin and Ivie (1933) rejected the synonymy for sufficient
reason, a fact overlooked by most recent authors. When Hackman (1954) made Catabrithorax
a synonym of Collinsia, the exclusion of Montilaira was implied;
I agree, at least pending revision of the group.
Keyserling 1886: "Washington Territory" (type locality). Crosby and Bishop 1928,
Worley 1932: "Olympia" (7028).
Montilaira ksenia (Crosby and Bishop)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M, as Catabrithorax ksenius); Levi and Levi
1955 (F, under Collinsia). This species is named after Crosby and Bishop's
illustrator, Ksenia Polevitzky; however, it was latinized [ICZN Art. 11b(vi)]
as ksenius, and thus must still agree in gender with its generic name (ICZN
Art. 31b).
6221 6505 6717 6721 6817 6902 7103 7110 7403 7416 7417 7622 7624 7934 8698 8699
8790 8970 8921
§ Montilaira sp. #2
F in UWBM; resembles Emerton's (1882) figure of the female M. pertinens (O.
Pickard-Cambridge), described from Maine, but might belong to a new species.
6524
§ Collinsia clypiella (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1928 (M, under Catabrithorax); Levi and Levi 1955
(F). Millidge (1977) suggested, based on European species, that Collinsia might
be a synonym of Halorates. This synonymy was adopted by Merrett et al.
(1985); however, I hesitate to apply it to North American species until the latter
have been revised.
Based on the distributions of this species and its sibling C. stylifer (Chamberlin),
Washington specimens should belong to the latter (Chamberlin 1949); but I have
no males whose palps correspond exactly to Chamberlin's figures of C. stylifer,
though some are intermediate between C. stylifer and C. clypiella. Probably
these two are only subspecies; pending further study, I assign all Washington
specimens to C. clypiella, the older name. Gongylidium alascensis Banks
(1900) will possibly prove to be a senior synonym of one or both.
6121 6122 6221 6335 6639 7027 7030 7131 7315 7332 7416 7417 7518 7533 7620 7622
7623 7624 7708 7723 8029 8317 8518 8724 8872 8970 8997
§ Collinsia sp. #1
Related to C. borea (L. Koch); both species may prove to belong in Montilaira.
M in UWBM.
7416
§ Islandiana princeps Brändegaard
Ref.: Ivie 1965.
6873
Group 1 (Millidge 1977)
Tunagyna, which probably does not belong in Group 1, is listed here because Millidge (1984b) revised it in the same paper as Tachygyna.
Tachygyna ursina (Bishop and Crosby)
Ref.: Millidge 1984b. Millidge revalidated the genus Tachygyna, considered
a synonym of Phanetta by Brignoli (1979, 1983).
6216 6740 7009 7414 7523 7622 8970 8997
§ Tachygyna haydeni Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Millidge 1984b.
8699
§ Tachygyna vancouverana Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Millidge 1984b. This and the following three species have here their first
verifiable Washington records, though Millidge presented Washington map dots.
6022 6221 6715 6740 6928 7110 7518
§ Tachygyna proba Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1984b.
7312 8618
§ Tachygyna coosi Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1984b (F only).
8147
§ Tachygyna exilis Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1984b (F only). MF in UWBM.
6122
§ Tachygyna sp. #1
Resembles T. pallida Chamberlin and Ivie. F in UWBM.
6704 6806
§ Tachygyna sp. #2
Unique M (UWBM) which might belong to T. coosi or T. sp. #1.
6403
§ Tachygyna sp. #3
An unusual F (UWBM) which could belong to either this genus or to Subbekasha
Millidge (1984b).
7624
§ Tunagyna debilis (Banks)
Ref.: Millidge 1984b.
8997
§ Wabasso cacuminatus Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1984b (includes a map symbol from New Hampshire but no verifiable
U.S. records).
8997
§ Diplocentria sp. #1
Related to D. bidentata (Emerton). F in UWBM.
7603
§ "Eulaira" arctoa Holm
Ref.: Holm 1960. Millidge (1984a) found that the type species of Eulaira is
not erigonine; however, I believe that this and some other species described in
Eulaira are true erigonines of uncertain generic placement.
6122 7332 7518 7520 7708
Group 4 (Millidge 1977)
§ Oedothorax sp. #1
In general resembles typical congeners, but has an unusual chaetotaxy (tibial
spines 2222). MF in UWBM.
6740 7223 7518 7622 7624 7723
Group 14 (Millidge 1977)
§ Eboria sp. #1 GENUS REVALIDATED
F in UWBM, does not match any species in Holm's (1963) revision of the genus.
The correct name for the genus Eboria Falconer, 1910, has been needlessly
obscured; the placing of this name in synonymy under Semljicola Strand,
1906, by Brignoli (1983: 321) was incorrect. The error originated when Holm (1973)
redescribed the holotype of Erigone barbigera L. Koch, type species of
Semljicola Strand, and transferred the species to Eboria. This placement
was necessarily tentative because the specimen lacked genitalia. Holm very properly
(ICZN Art. 23b) maintained usage of the junior, but well-established, name Eboria.
However, Brignoli (1983) rejected the argument of usage and substituted the older
name Semljicola; he has been followed by Merrett et al. (1985) and others.
The situation is clarified by my discovery that the well-described Typhochrestus
jeniseicus Eskov (1981) is a synonym of E. barbigera (NEW SYNONYM);
Eskov's and Holm's descriptions match very closely on every character. The
intact genitalia of Eskov's material emphatically exclude that species from both
Eboria and Typhochrestus (it, and thus the genus Semljicola,
now monotypic, belong to palpal Group 5 of Millidge 1977). The generic synonymy
of Eboria with Semljicola, now invalidated, should never have been
made on such dubious grounds.
8997
§ Sciastes extremus Holm
Ref.: Holm 1967, Millidge 1984b. FIRST AMERICAN RECORD; formerly known
from Greenland.
8997
§ Sciastes sp. #1
Resembles S. ensifer Millidge (1984b). F in UWBM.
8699 8997
Group 8 (Millidge 1977)
§ Tapinocyba sp. #1
This will probably prove to be the species figured as "Ceratinella sp."
by Banks (1900, fig. 5). Specimens do have the general appearance of Ceratinella.
Crosby (1905) proposed the name Ceraticelus innominabilis for Banks's
figure. This constitutes a valid indication [ICZN Art. 12 (b) (7)], but status
of the name will have to be checked by examination of the type [the specimen Banks
illustrated; see ICZN Art. 72 (c) (v)]. MF in UWBM.
7730 7934
§ Tapinocyba sp. #2
Close to T. dietrichi Crosby and Bishop (1933). MF in UWBM.
6121 6122 6221 6513 6740 7414 7524 7624 7710 7934 8147 8512 8523 8724 "Mt. Baker"
8997
§ Phlattothrata parva (Kulczynski) NEW COMBINATION
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1947 (as Tapinocyba matanuskae). Holm (1950)
made the Alaskan T. matanuskae a synonym of the Siberian Typhochrestus
parvus Kulczynski. Thaler (1980) pointed out that this species does not belong
in Typhochrestus. Chamberlin and Ivie (1947) considered Phlattothrata
Crosby and Bishop, 1933, with its type species P. flagellata (Emerton)
and the new matanuskae, a subgenus of Tapinocyba. These species
do not belong in Tapinocyba as now restricted (Millidge 1977), so Phlattothrata
(GENUS REVALIDATED) must be used.
8372
Ceratinops crenatus (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1933.
Crosby and Bishop 1933: "Friday Harbor" (8530).
Ceratinops inflatus (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1933.
5915 6022 6023 6122 6221 6418 6438 6715 6721 6740 6922 6928 7041 7110 7223 7235
7312 7319 7332 7414 7517 7518 7519 7521 7523 7524 7616 7620 7621 7712 7718 7720
8015 8212 8522 8523 8525 8617 8618
§ Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953. Described from North America as Hormathion
limnatum Crosby and Bishop (1933), synonymy by Hackman (1954).
6970
§ Acartauchenius sp. #1
Related to A. pilifrons (L. Koch). MF in UWBM.
6122
Zygottus corvallis Chamberlin
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949. All my Washington females of Zygottus have a much
wider epigynal notch than Chamberlin's illustration of Z. corvallis. Males
are very close. Most probably, Chamberlin's female illustration is incorrectly
drawn, or represents another species from Oregon. The type locality, "Denny Cr.,
Snoqualmie Pass" (7414) is in Washington.
5620 6023 6122 6632 6740 6928 6930 7110 7220 7328 7332 7416 7433 7518 7711 7712
7934 8035 8123 8214 8517 8522 8525
Group 11 (Millidge 1977)
§ Savignia sp. #1
M in UWBM. See Locket and Millidge (1953) and Millidge (1977) for characteristics
of this genus. The name has been spelled Savignya by Bonnet (1958), Merrett
et al. (1985), and others; but Savignia is the correct original spelling
(ICZN Art. 32) and must be used.
7518
§ Savignia sp. #2
M in UWBM.
7416
§ Scylaceus selma (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949 (F, under Cornicularia). F in UWBM. Ivie (1967) transferred
this species to Scylaceus. I am not certain that it is really congeneric
with S. pallidus (Emerton), the type species, but in any case it is not
a Cornicularia (=Walckenaeria). Millidge (1983) could not trace the type
specimens.
7006
Group 9 (Millidge 1977)
Males of this and succeeding groups have a long, tubular, often twisted or spiral embolus. The first two species below belong to a NEW GENUS which has the somatic characters of Lessertia (see Locket and Millidge 1953) but very different genitalia.
"Spirembolus vasingtonus" Chamberlin (nomen nudum)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949, p. 505, fig. 82 (F). MF in UWBM. The missing description
of this species was one of several inexplicable omissions from this Chamberlin
paper. Pending formal description it has been necessary to use this unavailable
name, both here and by Millidge (1980) and West et al. (1984).
6023 6335 6921 6928 7323 7332 7417 7423 7518 7523 7524 7537 7621 7622 7623 7624
8118 8147 8525
§ "Collinsia" wilburi Levi and Levi
Ref.: Levi and Levi 1955 (M). MF in UWBM.
6121 6122 6513 6719 7934 8511 8617 8618
Pelecopsis sculpta (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1931. This and related species have occasionally been
placed in Trichopterna because of their fourth metatarsal trichobothrium.
But as these genera were relimited by Millidge (1977), the species involved belong
in Pelecopsis. This genus name has often been treated as neuter or masculine,
but by ICZN Art. 30a, all names ending in -opsis are feminine. Pelecopsis
sculpta digna Chamberlin and Ivie (1939), NEW STATUS, is not specifically
distinct from P. sculpta as shown by examination of Oregon material (UWBM)
intermediate between them.
7227 7235 8201 8214 8517 8525
§ Pelecopsis sp. #2
Close to, and possibly a form of, P. sculpta. F in UWBM.
7839
§ Hypselistes nr. florens (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953; Crosby and Bishop 1933; better illustrations in
Emerton 1882. Washington and New England specimens differ somewhat, but more material
is needed before their status can be decided.
7629 7828
§ Scironis tarsalis (Emerton)
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby 1938 (M); their fig. 37 may represent another species.
MF in UWBM.
7723
§ Scironis sima Chamberlin
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949 (M). MF in UWBM. Probably not a true Scironis.
5915 6023 6122 6335 6930 7312 7332 7417 7624 7718
§ Symmigma minimum (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1933 (M). MF in UWBM.
6023 7312 7332 7517 7711 8034 8213 8617 8918
Hypomma marxii (Keyserling)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1933.
Banks 1896b: "Olympia" (7028), as Dicyphus bilobatus; synonymy by Crosby
and Bishop (1933).
Sisis rotundus (Emerton)
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby 1938. Differs from Sisis plesius (Chamberlin),
NEW COMBINATION, by shorter tibial apophysis and absence of a cephalic
pit. Chamberlin (1949) tentatively ascribed the latter species to Minyriolus.
Chamberlin's figures 88-92, representing plesius, were mislabelled
Minyriolus plenus. The female described by Chamberlin does not belong with
the male and is apparently a Pocadicnemis.
8997 8921
§ Mythoplastoides erectus (Emerton)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1933. Hackman (1954), misled by Chamberlin and Ivie's
(1947) description of an Entelecara species under Mythoplastoides, synonymized
the two genera. The palpal conformation (Millidge 1977) of Entelecara shows
this to be incorrect, and this is confirmed by A. F. Millidge (in litt.). GENUS
REVALIDATED.
6122 6717 6915 7710 7730 7934 8512 8618 8970
§ Dismodicus sp. #1
MF in UWBM. The synonymy of this genus has been chaotic. Hackman (1954), on having
"much trouble" identifying Dismodicus species, synonymized D. decemoculatus
(Emerton), D. modicus Chamberlin and Ivie, and D. variegatus Jackson
under the "polytypic" D. bifrons (Blackwall). But comparison of D. decemoculatus
as described by Crosby and Bishop (1933) with D. bifrons as described
by Wiehle (1960) shows the palps to be quite dissimilar. Synonymy of D. modicus
under D. bifrons is also hard to justify since it (with my two numbered
species) is closer to D. elevatus (C. Koch) and was placed in synonymy
there by Tullgren (1955) and Wiehle (1960). Holm (1967) treated D. decemoculatus
as a subspecies of D. bifrons, but his description and records show
that he in fact had D. variegatus. It is evident from recent work by Millidge
(1980, 1981a, 1983) that erigonine genera contain many sibling species. Having
found minute but consistent differences between my two Washington species, I feel
that all the above names represent valid species (SYNONYMY REJECTED).
7328 7332 8029
§ Dismodicus sp. #2
Differs from #1 in several details. MF in UWBM.
8572
§ Sisicottus montanus (Emerton)
Ref.: Emerton 1882 (MF, as Tmeticus montanus); Chamberlin and Ivie 1939
(M); Crawford and Edwards in press (F). Bishop and Crosby (1938) confused three
or more species under this name. Their record from "Seattle" and several of their
figures undoubtedly refer to S. nesides. As noted by Chamberlin and Ivie
(1939), S. orites (Chamberlin), S. nesides (Chamberlin), and S.
montanus are distinct species. Holm (1960) treated S. nesides as a
subspecies of S. montanus, based probably on the similarity of males. But
females are very different and the two are often sympatric (Crawford and Edwards
in press).
6513 6717 7018 7414 7833 7934 8317 8511 8699 8618 8970 8997
Sisicottus nesides (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1939 (M); Crawford and Edwards in press (F); Bishop
and Crosby 1938, figs. 4, 5, 7, 8 (MF).
6016 6022 6121 6221 6513 6717 6719 6740 6915 7041 7220 7305 7414 7416 7518 7536
7620 7624 7710 7718 7723 7730 7839 7934 8015 8118 8147[MCZ] 8213 8241 8511 8512
8518 8522 8617 8618 8970
§ Sisicottus orites (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1919 (MF, as Grammonota orites); Chamberlin and Ivie 1939
(M); Crawford and Edwards in press (F). Chamberlin and Ivie (1933) correctly synonymized
Oedothorax pidacitis Crosby and Bishop (1927) under S. orites; however,
the female Chamberlin and Ivie illustrated under that name is not S. orites,
but probably my S. species #1. Sisicottus montanus pidacitis
in the sense of Bishop and Crosby (1938) is mostly S. nesides.
7416
§ Sisicottus sp. #1
Resembles S. orites. MF in UWBM.
8970
§ Floricomus sp. #1
Near F. rostratus (Emerton) (MF in Bishop and Crosby 1935) and F. littoralis
Chamberlin and Ivie (1935). MF in UWBM.
6504
§ Ceraticelus atriceps (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1925 (M); Levi and Levi 1955 (F).
8572 8790 8970
§ Ceraticelus nr. rowensis Levi and Levi
Ref.: Levi and Levi 1955 (MF); Dondale 1958 (M).
6817 7030
Ceraticelus vesperus Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1939.
6335 6528 6828 7433 8122 8372 8921
§ Ceraticelus sp. #1
MF in UWBM. This and the following species are closely related to C. atriceps,
differing particularly in minor palpal details but also in the vulva, scutum,
and carapace.
7131 7330
§ Ceraticelus sp. #2
M in UWBM.
7936
§ Ceraticelus sp. #3
F in UWBM.
6216
§ Ceraticelus sp. #4
F in UWBM.
6016
§ Ceraticelus sp. #5
F in UWBM.
6221 8618
§ Ceraticelus sp. #6
MF in UWBM.
7332 7533 8147[MCZ]
§ Ceratinella brunnea Emerton
Ref.: Crosby and Bishop 1925 (M); Chamberlin 1949 (M, as C. placida; synonymy
by Ivie 1967). M, possible F in UWBM.
6504 8147
§ Ceratinella nr. tigana Chamberlin
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949 (F).
8147
§ Ceratinella sp. #1
Resembles C. alaskae Chamberlin and Ivie (1947). MF in UWBM.
6740 8212 8525 8617 8624
§ Ceratinopsis sp. #1
A distinctive species. M in UWBM.
6688
§ Grammonota nr. angusta Dondale
Ref.: Dondale 1959 (probably a different species).
7620
§ Grammonota gigas (Banks)
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby 1933.
8372
Grammonota kincaidi (Banks)
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby 1933 (M); Dondale 1959 (F).
6829 7332
§ Grammonota nr. vittata Barrows
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby 1933.
7475
Grammonota zephyra Dondale
Ref.: Dondale 1959 (F only).
Dondale 1959: "Arlington...122° 8' W., 40° 10' N.". Assuming the clearly
erroneous 40° 10' refers to 48° 10', this locality would be south of
Arlington in 8121.
§ Grammonota sp. #1
Resembles G. kincaidi; possibly the M of G. zephyra.
7619 8425
§ Grammonota sp. #2
Resembles G. kincaidi. M in UWBM.
6221
§ "Micrargus" aleuticus Holm
Ref.: Holm 1960. This species, with its congener "Metopobactrus" pacificus
Emerton (1923) from British Columbia, almost certainly belongs in another
genus.
6121 8425
Micrargus sp. #1
Resembles M. longitarsus (Emerton), redescribed under Baryphyma longitarsum
by Crosby and Bishop (1933, M) and Levi (1951, F); new combination by Millidge
(1977).
6740 7518 7723
Scotinotylus eutypus (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a.
6717 7833 7934
§ Scotinotylus sacer (Crosby)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a.
7833
§ Scotinotylus alpinus (Banks)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a.
8699
§ Scotinotylus patellatus (Emerton)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a. Millidge gave Washington map dots, but the first verifiable
state records are those below.
6122 6335 6336 6513 7414 7433 7518 7521 7718 7730 7934 8511 8525 8624 8790 8921
§ Scotinotylus ambiguus Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1981a.
Millidge 1981a: "Cedar Lake" (8975), type locality.
§ Scotinotylus sanctus (Crosby)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a.
7008 7504 7783 8595
Scotinotylus bicavatus Millidge
Scotinotylus bipoculatus Millidge 1981a NEW SYN.
Ref.: Millidge 1981a (F); Crawford and Edwards in press (MF). The latter will
present evidence for the new synonymy.
6121 6122 6717 6817 7018 7205 7934
Scotinotylus formicarius (Dondale and Redner)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a. The list of 22 Washington localities (repeated below) given
for this myrmecophilous spider by Dondale and Redner (1972) graphically demonstrates
how seldom this form of locality citation permits 0.1° accuracy:
"8 miles south of Woodland" (5727) "Asotin" (6370) "Naselle" (6337-6338) "Yakima"
"Randle" (6519) "3 miles north of Morton" (6522-6622) "Pullman" (6771) "20 miles
north of Elbe" (probably an error) "14 miles north of Hoquiam" (7138) "Seattle"
"Spokane" (ca. 7673-7674) "Waterville" (7600) "13 miles south of Newport" (7970-8070)
"5 miles north of Deer Park" (ca. 8074) "Keller" (8086) "5 miles east of Sequim"
(8029-8030) "10 miles west of Port Angeles" (8136) "Oak Harbor" (8226-8326) "5
miles west of Omak" (8395-8496) "Winthrop" (8401) "10 miles east of Colville"
(8576-8577) "Bellingham" (ca. 8724).
§ Scotinotylus sagittatus Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1981a (F only).
8699
§ Scotinotylus sp. #1
Related to S. sanctus. F in UWBM.
6771 6999
§ Scotinotylus sp. #2
This species will be described by Crawford and Edwards (in press). Near S.
autor (Chamberlin 1949), NEW COMBINATION (sub Scironis; suggested
by Millidge 1981a). MF in UWBM.
6717
§ Scotinotylus sp. #3
Related to S. sanctus. F in UWBM.
8974
§ Scotinotylus sp. #4
Resembles S. patellatus. F in UWBM.
6221 8624
§ Scotinotylus sp. #5
Near Scotinotylus columbia (Chamberlin 1949), NEW COMBINATION (sub
Lophomma). MF in UWBM.
6221
Coreorgonal monoceros (Simon)
Ref.: Millidge 1981a (under Scotinotylus). See Crawford and Edwards (in
press) for comments on the removal of Coreorgonal from synonymy; GENUS
REVALIDATED.
6028 6121 6122 6221 6335 6528 6632 6717 6721 6817 6821 6822 6928 7009 7018 7032
7227 7235 7312 7323 7416 7417 7518 7519 7522 7523 7524 7617 7620 7621 7624 7730
7821 7931 7934 8517 8518 8520 8698 8921
Coreorgonal petulcus (Millidge) NEW COMBINATION
Ref.: Millidge 1981a (M, sub Scotinotylus); Crawford and Edwards in press
(F). MF in UWBM.
6122 6513 7414 7710 7730 7934 8512 8525 8699 8618
§ Coreorgonal sp. #1
Near, and perhaps a form of, C. monoceros. F in UWBM.
6922
§ Spirembolus monticolens (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Millidge 1980.
6704 6806 7006 7107 7110 7211 7303 7708
Spirembolus prominens Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1980.
Millidge 1980: "Cedar Lake" (8975), type locality.
Spirembolus spirotubus (Banks)
Tiso spirotubus of W. Ref.: Millidge 1980. Banks (1895b), in describing
this species from Colorado, mentioned "an allied species from Washington." Crosby
(in Chamberlin 1925) examined this specimen (from Olympia, 7028, in MCZ) and referred
it to S. synopticus Crosby. Millidge (1980) examined MCZ material, and
his map dots imply that he has referred this record back to S. spirotubus.
6397
§ Spirembolus whitneyanus Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Millidge 1980. My Washington female shows small, probably geographic differences
from the Californian specimens described by Millidge.
8699
§ Spirembolus chilkatensis (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Millidge 1980 (F only); Chamberlin and Ivie 1947.
7624 7816
§ Spirembolus mundus Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Millidge 1980.
5712 6028 7530
§ Spirembolus latebricola Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1980.
8241
§ Spirembolus abnormis Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1980 (with unverifiable U.S. map dots).
6335 6740 7131 7234 7323 7521 7523 7624 7723 7946
§ Spirembolus demonologicus (Crosby)
Ref.: Millidge 1980.
7624
§ Spirembolus sp. #1
#1 and #2 are near S. maderus Chamberlin. F in UWBM.
6704 7107 7110 7303
§ Spirembolus sp. #2
F in UWBM.
8201
Disembolus procerus Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1981b.
Millidge 1981b: "Tieton River, 10 miles east of Rimrock" (6609), type locality.
§ Disembolus sp. #1
A very distinct species; MF in UWBM.
6121 6122
§ Disembolus sp. #2
Resembles D. convolutus Millidge. F in UWBM.
6221
§ Disembolus sp. #3
Distinctive; F in UWBM.
6221
§ Disembolus sp. #5
Resembles D. concinnus Millidge. F in UWBM.
6901
Group 10 (Millidge 1977)
§ Satilatlas nr. insolens Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1981c. Millidge distinguished S. insolens by one character
only, presence of the fourth metatarsal trichobothrium; that is true of this species
and a second from Alaska. Possibly neither is the true S. insolens. M in
UWBM.
6992
§ Satilatlas sp. #1
Distinctive; F in UWBM.
8146
§ Anacornia microps Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1933; Chamberlin 1949. The female of A. microps was
erroneously redescribed with the male of Porrhomma ocella Chamberlin and
Ivie (1943).
8596
§ Walckenaeria subspiralis Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1983. Millidge presented Washington map dots for this, W. directa,
W. oregona, and W. cornuella, but the first verifiable state records
are those below.
6221 6894 6828 7234 7403
§ Walckenaeria pellax Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1983 (M only) Crawford and Edwards in press (MF). MF in UWBM.
6221 6740 7518 7833 8970
§ Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall)
Ref.: Millidge 1983 figs. 125-126 (M); Wiehle 1960 (MF, under Cornicularia);
Crawford and Edwards in press (MF). FIRST AMERICAN RECORD. All previous
North American records of W. vigilax are misidentified (Millidge 1983);
this is believed genuine (Crawford and Edwards in press).
6817
§ Walckenaeria directa (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Millidge 1983.
7032 7041 7931 8214
§ Walckenaeria oregona Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1983. Millidge stated that female W. oregona are distinguished
from W. directa by wider spacing of the cheliceral file, but I have females
(taken with males) in which this is not the case. To be useful in diagnosis this
character should be stated quantitatively (e.g., as striae per 0.1 mm).
6528
§ Walckenaeria columbia Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
W. septentrionalis Millidge 1983 NEW SYNONYM
Ref.: Millidge 1983. Specimens on hand (UWBM) show that the male palp tibia characters
used by Millidge to distinguish these species are linked by continuous individual
variation. As first reviser, I give W. columbia priority (ICZN Art. 24).
6023 6122 7416 7524 7537 7809 8015 8118 8213 8624
§ Walckenaeria cornuella (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Millidge 1983. The male carapace horn, said to be diagnostic of this species,
is variable: sometimes larger than that illustrated by Millidge, sometimes nearly
obsolete.
6022 6122 6721 6740 6915 6921 7032 7312 7332 7537 7624 7710 7723 7730 8123 8213
8523 8524 8525 8618 8921
§ Walckenaeria monoceras (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Millidge 1983. Chamberlin and Ivie (1947) reported this species from Washington
and Alaska as well as the type locality in Oregon, but Millidge (1983) seems to
have assigned those records to W. cornuella.
6022 6122 7227
§ Walckenaeria auranticeps (Emerton)
Ref.: Millidge 1983.
7227 7328
§ Walckenaeria holmi Millidge FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Millidge 1983 (with unverifiable U.S. map dots).
8699
§ Walckenaeria atrotibialis O. Pickard-Cambridge
Ref.: Millidge 1983.
5916 7107
Group 13 (Millidge 1977)
§ Entelecara acuminata (Wider)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953, Wiehle 1960. FIRST AMERICAN RECORD. The
palp of my one male matches European illustrations very closely; the palp tibia
is slightly different and the carapace somewhat higher. This could represent either
a Holarctic species or an introduced population.
7519
§ Entelecara nr. sombra (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1947 (under Mythoplastoides). Holm (1950) and
Hackman (1954) both suggested synonymy of Mythoplastoides sombrus under
Entelecara media Kulczynski. In light of the redescriptions of E. media
by Wiehle (1960) and Deltshev (1985), it is clear that Entelecara sombra
(NEW COMBINATION) is distinct (SYNONYMY REJECTED). F in UWBM.
7328
Group 16 (Millidge 1977)
§ Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953; Millidge 1985; not Crosby and Bishop 1933.
6821 7026 7110 7306 7332 7433 7519 7521 7533 7623 7711 7714 8213 8214 8517 8617
8921
§ Pocadicnemis occidentalis Millidge
Ref.: Millidge 1975.
6704 6806 7107 8201
§ Hybauchenidium gibbosum (Sørensen)
Ref.: Holm 1967 (under Hybocoptus); Crosby and Bishop 1933, as Hybocoptus
dentipalpis (Emerton). Holm (1967) correctly made H. dentipalpis a
synonym of H. gibbosus. However, in describing the new genus Hybauchenidium,
Holm (1973) listed H. dentipalpis separately and Hybocoptus cymbadentatus
Crosby and Bishop (1935) under H. gibbosum. This was doubtless a lapsus
calami. Hybauchenidium cymbadentatum (NEW COMBINATION) is a
valid species.
8997
§ Hybauchenidium sp. #1
Related to H. gibbosum. F in UWBM.
8970
§ Hybauchenidium sp. #2
Related to H. cymbadentatum. F in UWBM.
7520
Subfamily MICRONETINAE
Microneta viaria (Blackwall)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953; Emerton 1882; Saaristo 1974. Microneta orines
Chamberlin and Ivie (1933) is probably a synonym of the variable M. viaria.
6022 6028 6632 6721 6740 6822 6928 6934 7032 7041 7319 7323 7332 7518 7521 7522
7524 7616 7622 7623 7624 7710 7714 7722 8123 8425 8520 8522 8523 8524 8525
§ Centromerus sp. #1
Ref.: Helsdingen 1973 (as "Centromerus spec."; M only). MF in UWBM.
6122 6740 6828 7041 7332 8118 8213 8525 8921
§ Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall) FIRST U.S. RECORD
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953, emended by Locket et al. 1974; Wiehle 1956. Possibly
introduced from Europe; previous North American records are from Newfoundland
by Hackman (1954) and British Columbia by West et al. (1984).
7622 7624 8921
Meioneta brevipes (Keyserling)
Ref.: Keyserling 1886 (F), under Linyphia; transferred to Meioneta by
Chamberlin and Ivie (1947). I cannot recognize this species from the original
description; the type, probably at the British Museum, will have to be examined
to show which of the many similar Meioneta species this name applies to.
Keyserling (1886): "Washington Territory."
§ Meioneta fillmorana (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1919 (under Bathyphantes; transferred by Ivie 1969; F
only). MF in UWBM. M is very close to Meioneta ferosa (Chamberlin and Ivie,
1943), NEW COMBINATION. Meioneta fillmorana is smaller (carapace
0.9-1.1 mm long vs. 1.65), the eyes are relatively larger and occupy a wider area.
Meioneta ferosa is the type species of Gnathantes Chamberlin and
Ivie, which must fall as a NEW SYNONYM of Meioneta.
5712 6121 6221 6335 6771 7234 7530 8122 8125
§ Meioneta fratrella (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1933.
7305 8597
Meioneta pallida (Emerton)
Microneta pallida of W. Ref.: Emerton 1917 (M). Helsdingen (1973) transferred
M. pallida to Meioneta.
Worley (1932): "San Juan Island" (8430-8531) "Blakely Island" (8527-8528) "Cypress
Island" (8526-8527) "Orcas Island" (8627-8629).
§ Meioneta sp. #2
MF in UWBM; will be described by Crawford and Edwards (in press). Undescribed
Meioneta species are so numerous that their affinities are seldom apparent.
6717 6817 7018
§ Meioneta sp. #3
MF in UWBM; unusual chaetotaxy (all metatarsi with spines).
6221 7110 7882 8624
§ Meioneta sp. #4
F in UWBM.
6121 7312 7934
§ Meioneta sp. #5
F in UWBM.
8227
§ Meioneta sp. #6
MF in UWBM.
6122 6221 6873 7030 7332 8572 8970
§ Meioneta sp. #7
F in UWBM.
5714
§ Meioneta sp. #8
F in UWBM.
6632 7235 7624
§ Meioneta sp. #9
F in UWBM.
5715
§ Meioneta sp. #11
MF in UWBM.
6632 7026 7131 8029 8139 8146 8147 8241
§ Meioneta sp. #12
MF in UWBM.
7303 7403
§ Meioneta sp. #13
MF in UWBM.
6122
§ Meioneta sp. #15
F in UWBM.
8999
§ Tennesseellum formicum (Emerton)
Ref.: Emerton 1882 (M, under Bathyphantes); Kaston 1948 (MF). Crawford
and Edwards (in press) will comment on variation.
6122 6221 6821 7107 7110 8970
§ Agyneta sp. #3
MF in UWBM. M very similar to A. allosubtilis Loksa (Hippa and Oksala 1985);
F notably different.
6122 6806 7107 8201
§ Agyneta sp. #5
A distinctive species; M in UWBM.
5915
§ Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1981; Locket and Millidge 1953. This species has a remarkable
number of synonyms, of which some, such as Labuella prosaica Chamberlin
and Ivie, are still used occasionally.
8699 8970 8997
Oreonetides filicatus (Crosby)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1981 (MF). F illustrated is atypical; most have deeper lateral
notches on scape.
6122 6216 6336 6921 7110 7235 7319 7323 7332 7507 7518 7519 8918
§ Oreonetides flavus (Emerton)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1981 (MF).
8699
§ Oreonetides sp. #1
Related to O. flavescens (Crosby). MF in UWBM.
6513 6719 7833 8511 8618
§ Oreonetides sp. #2
Resembles O. flavus. F in UWBM.
8970
§ Oreonetides sp. #3
Close to sp. #1 but half its size. M in UWBM.
6221 7730
§ Poeciloneta aggressa (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943. NEW COMB.
The epigynum is atypical of Poeciloneta, but the chaetotaxy clearly removes
it from Lepthyphantes, where it was described.
8699
§ Poeciloneta berthae (Levi and Levi) NEW COMB.
Ref.: Levi and Levi 1955 (F only). Described under Lepthyphantes.
8699
Poeciloneta fructuosa (Keyserling) NEW COMB.
Bathyphantes occidentalis of W. Ref.: Zorsch 1937 (M, under Lepthyphantes).
MF in UWBM.
5916 6221
§ Poeciloneta globosa (Wider)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953; Wiehle 1956. Presumably introduced; FIRST AMERICAN
RECORD.
7622 7623
Lepthyphantes groups: Using a simple key, Locket and Millidge (1953) divided this genus into five groups which, though artificial, greatly assist in identifying species and matching sexes. They are listed for each species below.
§ Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert)
Ref.: Zorsch 1937; Locket and Millidge 1953. Group 1.
7623 7723 8323
Lepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall)
L. nebulosus of W. Ref.: Zorsch 1937. Group 1.
"Tieton" (6607-6707) 7623 "Sedro Woolley" (8422-8522)
§ Lepthyphantes lyricus Zorsch
Ref.: Zorsch 1937 (M only). MF in UWBM. Group 2.
6221 7026 7131 7211 7332 7533 7710
§ Lepthyphantes furcillifer Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1933 (MF); Zorsch 1937 (M only). Group 3.
6910 7107 7475 7703 7902 8597 8786
§ Lepthyphantes alpinus (Emerton)
Ref.: Emerton 1882; Zorsch 1937. Group 3.
8699
§ Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall)
Ref.: Helsdingen et al. 1977; Locket and Millidge 1953. Group 3.
5626 6028 6121 6122 6204 6221 6335 6505 6873 6827 6829 7018 7026 7027 7028 7030
7133 7222 7403 7417 7422 7423 7502 7518 7520 7523 7622 7623 7624 7721 7723 7730
8122 8821
Lepthyphantes zibus Zorsch
Ref.: Zorsch 1937 (M only). MF in UWBM. Group 3.
6022 6023 6721 6822 7027 7223 7227 7235 7323 7519 7521 7522 7523 7524 7620 7621
7623 7624 8123 8212 8241 8517 8522 8624 8921
Lepthyphantes zebra (Emerton)
Ref.: Emerton 1882 (sub Bathyphantes); Zorsch 1937; Group 3.
Zorsch 1937: "Sol Duc Hot Spring" (7938).
Lepthyphantes zelatus Zorsch
Ref.: Zorsch 1937. Group 3.
5714 6023 6221 6513 6719 6721 6740 6829 6922 6928 7027 7041 7110 7131 7211 7234
7235 7319 7323 7332 7414 7417 7423 7433 7518 7521 7523 7524 7533 7537 7616 7620
7621 7623 7624 7630 7710 7711 7712 7714 7718 7722 7723 7730 7809 7934 7938 8029
8035 8118 8122 8123 8416 8425 8572 8512 8517 8518 8520 8523 8525 8617 8618 8970
8997 8920 8921
Lepthyphantes arboreus (Emerton)
Ref.: Zorsch 1937. Group 3 or 5.
7018 7730 7931 7934 8317 8699 8618 8997
Lepthyphantes arcticus (Keyserling)
Bathyphantes arcticus of W. Ref.: Keyserling 1886 (F, sub Linyphia).
This species was known to Emerton and Banks, but Zorsch (1937) omitted it from
her study because only the female was described, and subsequent workers have not
recognized it. Keyserling's figure of the epigynum does not appear to match any
species known to me. Examination of the types (which should be in the Marx collection,
U.S. National Museum) may show L. arcticus to be a senior synonym of another
species in this list.
Worley (1932): "Olympia" (7028).
§ Lepthyphantes complicatus (Emerton)
Ref.: Zorsch 1937. Group 4b.
8699
§ Lepthyphantes pollicaris Zorsch
Ref.: Zorsch 1937 (M only); Levi and Levi 1955 (F); Chamberlin and Ivie 1943 (F,
sub L. tamara). Group 5.
6122 6817 7018 7305 7604 7833 8973 8974 8999
§ Lepthyphantes mercedes Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943. Group 5.
6221 6513 7414 7730 7934 8317 8511 8618 8970
Lepthyphantes rainieri Emerton
L. rainieri of W. Ref.: Emerton 1926 (M non F); Zorsch 1937 (M non F).
Group 5. The F described with this species by Emerton and Zorsch is probably L.
zelatus. Levi and Levi (1951) illustrated the true F of L. rainieri
under the name L. chamberlini Schenkel; Schenkel's species is probably
different.
6719 7934 8699 8790 8997 8999
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #6
Group 4b, near the European L. angulatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge). MF in
UWBM.
6122 6928 7414 7521 7710 8525
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #8
Group 4a, near the European L. insignis O. Pickard-Cambridge. MF in UWBM.
7623 7624 7722
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #9
Group 3, near L. zibus. F in UWBM.
7523 7722
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #11
Group 3. F in UWBM.
7710
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #12
Group 3. F in UWBM.
7809
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #13
Group 4b. F in UWBM.
8699
§ Lepthyphantes sp. #14
Distinctive M (no known group) in UWBM.
8699
Subfamily DRAPETISCINAE
Saaristoa sammamish (Levi and Levi) NEW COMB.
Ref.: Levi and Levi 1955 (sub Lepthyphantes). Resembles the European S.
abnormis (Blackwall). For description of the latter, see Wiehle (1956) under
Oreonetides, where it was placed until recently (Millidge 1978).
6740 7220 7517 7622
§ Aphileta sp. #1
Placed here with some uncertainty; the embolic division is somewhat more complex
than that depicted by Millidge (1977) (for generic characters see Locket and Millidge
1953, under Hillhousia). M in UWBM.
7524 8624
Arcuphantes arcuatus (Keyserling)
Lepthyphantes arcuatus of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943.
5918 7235 7518 7620 7623 "Everett" (7921-7922) 7936 8618 8921
§ Arcuphantes potteri Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943 (F only).
8694
§ Arcuphantes nr. sylvaticus Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943.
7783
Helophora reducta (Keyserling)
Linyphia reducta of W. Apparently this common species has never been
adequately described. The most recent description is that of Blauvelt (1936) who
combined H. reducta with the distinct H. orinoma.
5916 6221 7030 7105 7323 7423 7520 7524 7623 7624 7708 7714 8122 8617 8624 8921
§ Helophora orinoma (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1919 (F); Chamberlin and Ivie 1933 (M); both under Linyphia.
6221 7006
§ Wubana suprema Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1936 (M only). MF in UWBM.
8618
Wubana pacifica (Banks)
Nematogmus pacificus of W. Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1936.
6028 6122 6336 7041 7110 7323 7332 7518 7520 7522 7523 7524 7620 7623 7624 7630
7714 7722 7723 7833 8214 8518 8520 8525 8624 8921
Wubana atypica Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1936.
6022 6122 6721 7220 7227 7235 7323 7417 7518 7523 7524 7623 7624 7722 7815 8213
8214 8517 8522 8921
Subfamily LINYPHIINAE
The first six genera below were placed by Millidge (1984a) in his informal "Stemonyphantes group," not formally named because it is "almost certainly paraphyletic." In my view, paraphyletic taxa are perfectly acceptable. Taxonomic research must produce a usable classification, not merely a set of phylogenetic hypotheses. All named taxa must be classified, even if only provisionally. In any case, several genera seem transitional between the Stemonyphantes group and Linyphiinae.
Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953, emended by Locket et al. 1974. This species was
recorded from "Seattle" (Exline collection) by Bishop and Crosby (1938) under
the synonym Scolopembolus melacrus (Chamberlin), synonymy by Ivie (1967).
§ Eulaira nr. schediana Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1945. I cannot with certainty separate this species
from E. obscura Chamberlin and Ivie (1945).
6704 7107
§ Eulaira sp. #1
MF in UWBM; close to E. microtarsus (Emerton), for which see Chamberlin
and Ivie (1945). Ivie (1967) transferred that species to Hillhousia (=Aphileta),
but according to Millidge (1984b: 161) it probably does not belong there; I provisionally
return it to Eulaira, where it fits fairly well.
7305 7934 8699 8970 8997
Linyphantes pacificus (Banks)
Bathyphantes pacifica of W. Ref.: Banks 1906; transferred to Linyphantes
by Ivie (1967). This will probably prove to be a senior synonym of L. natches.
Linyphantes pacificus Chamberlin and Ivie (1942a) is a different species
whose name is preoccupied by L. pacificus Banks; a revision of the genus
would be the best place to propose a replacement name for the former.
Banks (1906): "Olympia" (7028), type locality.
§ Linyphantes aeronauticus (Petrunkevitch)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a, under L. ephedrus; synonymy by Helsdingen
(1973). Chamberlin and Ivie's figure 107 is atypical and possibly belongs to another
species; the scape should be wider and is usually wrinkled. The ventral views
of epigyna given by Chamberlin and Ivie are not always sufficient for diagnosis
of females in this genus. Posterior views, at high magnification, are very helpful.
5906 6335 7502
Linyphantes natches Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a.
6221 6828 7220 7421 7423 7518 7519 7523 7533 7536 7620 7624 7643 7723 8029
§ Linyphantes nehalem Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a.
6221 6240 6821 6829 7026 7131 7622 7643 7712 7723 8029 8122 8147[MCZ]
Linyphantes pualla Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a.
6016 6022 6216 6335 6336 6719 6721 6921 6922 7026 7235 7417 7518 7523 7524 7620
7624 7630 7710 7714 7718 7723 7934 8118 8212 8213 8512 8518 8520 8973 8921
§ Linyphantes nr. victoria Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a. None of my males perfectly match Chamberlin and
Ivie's figure 122.
6028 6122 6221 6826 6829 6928 7027 7323 7328 7518 7520 7521 7530 7537 7617 7623
7624 8029 8624
§ Linyphantes nr. eureka Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a (M only).
6221
Linyphantes anacortes Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a.
6740 7041 7323 7523 7524 8147 8241
§ Linyphantes orcinus (Emerton)
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a, under L. longivulva; synonymy by Helsdingen
(1973).
6740 7041 7938 8029 8139 8146 8241
§ Linyphantes sp. #1
Resembles L. pualla. MF in UWBM.
6022 6740 7323 7417 7433 7518 7519 7520 7521 7522 7523 7524 7621 7623 7624 7723
7816 8118 8213 8518 8624 8921
§ Linyphantes sp. #2
Related to L. laguna Chamberlin and Ivie. MF in UWBM.
7030
§ Linyphantes sp. #3
Resembles L. victoria. F in UWBM.
7227
§ Linyphantes sp. #4
Sp. #4 or sp. #5 could be the F of L. eureka. F in UWBM.
6221
§ Linyphantes sp. #5
F in UWBM.
6221 7433 7616
§ Linyphantes sp. #6
Resembles L. nehalem. F in UWBM.
6740
§ Frontinella communis (Hentz)
Ref.: Emerton 1882; Kaston 1948. The synonymy of F. communis under F.
pyramitela (Walckenaer) by Chamberlin and Ivie (1944) has not been universally
accepted.
8372 8572
Stemonyphantes blauveltae Gertsch
Linyphia lineata of W. Ref.: Helsdingen 1968.
Worley (1932): "Pullman" (6771).
Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1970.
7475 7693
Microlinyphia mandibulata (Emerton)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1970.
5718 6122 6221 6335 6336 6632 6794[MCZ] 6827 6828 6829 6992 6905 6928 7006 7026
7028 7131 7133 7328 7332 7475 7403 7429 7593 7693 7696 7622 7721 7931 8099 8029
8147[MCZ] 8372
Microlinyphia dana (Chamberlin and Ivie)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1970.
6028 6221 6240 6335 6336 6522 6528 6632 6740 6821 6822 6826 6827 6928 6934 7026
7027 7028 7032 7041 7131 7220 7234 7235 7319 7323 7328 7330 7332 7418 7429 7433
7517 7518 7519 7520 7521 7522 7523 7524 7533 7616 7617 7618 7620 7621 7622 7623
7624 7643 7712 7714 7718 7720 7721 7722 7723 7728 7730 7821 7839 7931 7934 7936
7938 7946 8029 8035 8122 8123 8125 8139 8146 8147 8213 8214 8241 8346 8518 8523
8525 8921
§ Microlinyphia impigra (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1970.
7622
Neriene digna (Keyserling) GENUS REVALIDATED
Linyphia digna of W. Ref.: Helsdingen 1969. Locket et al. (1974) reduced
Neriene to a subgenus of Linyphia, and have been followed by Brignoli
(1983) and Merrett et al. (1985). I do not find the reasons given convincing,
in view of the ample justification given by Helsdingen for raising Neriene
to full genus.
5712 5714 5716 5915 5916 5923 6072 6022 6028 6122 6240 6335 6336 6337 6524 6528
6632 6639 6709 6721 6740 6822 6826 6828 6928 7026 7027 7028 7032 7034 7107 7110
7131 7133 7220 7227 7234 7319 7323 7328 7332 7420[MCZ] 7421 7433 7518 7520 7521
7522 7523 7524 7526 7530 7533 7537 7616 7621 7622 7623 7624 7625 7783 7703 7718
7721 7722 7723 7728 7730 7807 7809 7822 7839 7936 7938 7946 8029 8122 8123 8125
8139 8146[MCZ] 8147 8214 8216 8241 8416 8597 8516 8517 8523 8525 8530 8617 8624
8921
Neriene litigiosa (Keyserling)
Linyphia litigiosa of W. Ref.: Helsdingen 1969.
5915 6072 6016 6022 6524 6709 6822 6827 7003 7026 7027 7028 7034 7107 7108 7222
7311 7332 7475 7433 7575 7507 7523 7526 7623 7624 7783 7703 7721 7722 7723 7809
7903 7935 7938 8027 8029 8030 8182 8122 8125 8129 8372 8497 8426 8523 8528 8530
8600 8973
Neriene radiata (Walckenaer)
Ref.: Helsdingen 1969. Usually called Linyphia or Prolinyphia marginata
(C. Koch), a name that is preoccupied in Neriene. These are the first
Washington records since Emerton (1920).
5716 6072 6022 7003 7809 8214 8372 8572 8694 8873 8973
Kaestneria pullata (O. Pickard-Cambridge)
Ref.: Ivie 1969 (under Bathyphantes). I follow Wiehle (1956), Millidge
(1977), and Merrett et al. (1985) in considering Kaestneria a full genus
(the genitalic pattern is quite different from Bathyphantes), and the latter
two works in placing K. pullata in Kaestneria. The subgenus Coniphantes
Ivie, 1969, with pullatus as type species, accordingly falls as a
NEW SYNONYM of Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956, and the other species
listed there by Ivie (1969) must be transferred: Kaestneria rufula (Hackman),
NEW COMBINATION and Kaestneria anceps (Kulczynski), combination
used by Eskov (1984).
6740 6828 7520 7622 7714 8122
§ Kaestneria sp. #1
The epigynum shows clear relation to K. pullata and K. rufula but
the chaetotaxy is very different, with tibial ventral and metatarsal spines. F
in UWBM.
7603 8873 8997
§ Porrhomma convexum (Westring)
Ref.: Locket and Millidge 1953; Wiehle 1956. The only previous North American
records of this Holarctic species are those of Holm (1960) from Alaska.
6122 6221 8624 8921
§ Porrhomma nr. terrestre (Emerton)
Ref.: Bishop and Crosby (1938), as Sciastes terrestris; transferred to
Porrhomma by Ivie (1967). While more likely to be this species, my specimen
also resembles the illustrations by Wiehle (1956) of Porrhomma egeria Simon.
8821
Porrhomma sodontum (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Chamberlin 1949 (F, as Willibaldia sodonta); transferred by Thaler
(1968).
Chamberlin (1949): "White R. Camp, Rainier Park" (6916), type and only locality.
Bathyphantes keenii (Emerton)
Ref.: Ivie 1969. Eskov (1985) listed B. keenii and B. rupestris
Holm (1945) in synonymy under B. reprobus Kulczynski (1916). I concur with
the synonymy of B. rupestris; Holm's and Kulczynski's descriptions match
closely. B. keenii, however, has a very different male palp (compare Holm
1945 with Ivie 1967), a shorter epigynal scape, and differs also in size and leg
proportions; it is clearly a distinct species (SYNONYMY REJECTED). B.
keenii and B. reprobus do show relationship in common possession of
metatarsal spines, noted for B. reprobus by Kulczynski but not previously
reported for B. keenii.
6022 6340 6723 7026 7027 7041 7131 7235 7328 7332 7433 7518 7617 7624 7714 7718
8122 8147[MCZ] 8213
Bathyphantes malkini Ivie
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
7235
Bathyphantes pallidus (Banks)
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
6504 8921
Bathyphantes brevipes (Emerton)
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
6335 6740 7027 7234 7328 7620 7622 7624 7721 8524
§ Bathyphantes nr. latescens (Chamberlin)
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
6504
Bathyphantes waneta Ivie
Ref.: Ivie 1969. Western Washington specimens are slightly different from the
eastern Washington type series.
6804 6992 8821 8970
Bathyphantes orica Ivie
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
6335 6721 6740 7027 7041 7223 7518 7522 7523 7620 7624 7718 8518 8525
§ Bathyphantes diasosnemis Fage
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
8921
Bathyphantes alascensis (Banks)
Ref.: Ivie 1969.
5915 5916 6022 6122 6340 7433 7523 7938 8324 8522 8524 8618 8624
Bathyphantes magnificus Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Ivie 1969 (F). This species may belong in a separate genus, for which the
subgenus name Magniphantes Ivie is available, but I hesitate to make this
change without seeing specimens.
Ivie (1969): "Five miles east of McCleary" (7031).
Bathyphantes concolor (Wider)
Ref.: Ivie 1969. Sole member of the subgenus Diplostyla Emerton, which
recent European papers treat as a full genus. However highly modified, the genitalia
of Diplostyla follow the pattern of Bathyphantes, where B. concolor
is placed here.
6504 7622 7623
§ Bathyphantes sp. #1
Related to B. gracilis (Blackwall). F in UWBM.
5620
§ Bathyphantes sp. #2
Near B. brevipes. MF in UWBM.
6336 7518
§ Bathyphantes sp. #3
Near B. chico Ivie. F in UWBM.
6829
Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus (Keyserling)
Pityohyphantes vancouveranus Chamberlin and Ivie (1942a), NEW SYNONYM.
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a (M); Keyserling 1886 (MF, sub Linyphia).
Keyserling's description of the distinctive color characters and figure of the
epigynum make this synonymy reasonably certain, but it should be confirmed by
examination of types. The name Linyphia rubrofasciata Keyserling has previously
been misapplied. Specimens of Pityohyphantes tacoma at Oregon State University
have been so identified; Worley's (1932) description indicates that his Washington
records may apply to a Microlinyphia species; Schenkel (1950) treated this
taxon as a subspecies of P. phrygianus (C. Koch).
A ventral view of the epigynum is not usually sufficient to identify female Pityohyphantes;
posterior, lateral, and internal views are needed, and the abdomen color pattern
is often helpful.
6122 6221 6817 6822 6827 6928 7028 7041 7133 7234 7330 7332 7418 7433 7521 "Seattle"
7533 7730 7931 7936 8029 8122 8214 8241 8317 8530
Pityohyphantes tacoma Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1942a (M). MF in UWBM. This species, as treated here,
is at least polymorphic and may have to be split when more information is available.
5916 6022 6216 6632 6740 6910[MCZ] 6928 7009 7026 7028 7031 7041 7131 7133 7211
7220 7305 7315 7319 7433 7519 7520 7521 7524 7533 7712 7718 7722 7730 7733 7807
7821 7931 7938 8029 8122 8123 8146 8214 8216 8241 8317 8511 8518 8523 8618 8818
8970
§ Pityohyphantes minidoka Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943.
6216 6513 6704 6804 6814[MCZ] 7003 7009 7107 7110 7205 7305 7311 7409 7507 7603
7604 7605 7710 7806 7903 8372 8497 8499 8572 8597 8506 8507 8699 8970 8997 8999
§ Pityohyphantes alticeps Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943 (M). MF in UWBM.
6078[MCZ] 6016 7009 7710 8372 8572 8970
§ Pityohyphantes kamela Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943.
6221
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #1
Distinctive species. MF in UWBM.
7414 7730 7733 7934
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #2
Near P. kamela. F in UWBM.
7934
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #3
Near P. kamela. F in UWBM.
7507 8698
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #4
Near P. rubrofasciatus. F in UWBM.
7931
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #5
Near P. rubrofasciatus. F in UWBM.
7507 7809
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #6
Near P. kamela. F in UWBM.
7833
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #7
Near P. minidoka. F in UWBM.
7234
§ Pityohyphantes sp. #8
Very distinctive species. F in UWBM.
8530
INCERTAE SEDIS
The synonymy and relationships of the genus Pimoa are problematic. Fage
(1946) suggested that the several American species placed first in Labulla,
then in Pimoa, actually belonged in his genus Metella with
M. breuili Fage, 1931, from southern Europe, and M. crispa Fage,
1946, from India. However, Metella is preoccupied, so if this synonymy
is accepted then Pimoa Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, becomes a senior synonym
of the replacement name Louisfagea Brignoli, 1971. Whether that is accepted
or not, Pimoa is the correct name for the American species. Wunderlich
(1979) placed both Pimoa and Louisfagea=Metella under the fossil
genus Acrometa Petrunkevitch, 1942, but neither synonymy was accepted by
Brignoli (1983); I, too, find the synonymy under Acrometa dubious. Nonetheless,
Pimoa and Louisfagea have so much in common that it may be better
to unite them in one genus.
Brignoli (1983) has also removed Pimoa from the Linyphiidae, where it was
described, and placed it in the orbweaver subfamily (family, in his system) Metinae,
where Louisfagea and Acrometa were previously listed. There is much
to be said for this placement. The somatic characters are close to those of Meta;
the conformation of the male palp is nearly identical to that of Chrysometa,
including the distinctive cymbial apophysis (see Levi 1986). However, several
other characters make such a placement impossible. Most importantly, the spiders
make a typical linyphiid-type sheet web rather than an orbweb; they move on the
undersurface of a consolidated sheet above which are tangled threads. The presence
of a retreat lateral to the web suggests affinities with Theridiidae or the orbweaver
families. Males of both Pimoa altioculata and Louisfagea breuili
have lateral cheliceral stridulating files, heretofore found only in Linyphiidae
and Mimetidae. The epigynum has a prominent scape. The relictual distribution
implies great age for this group of genera, and they may prove to be derived from
Chrysometa—like ancestors of modern linyphiids. Further study of this
group should prove illuminating to phylogenetic studies, and it is probable that
separate family status will prove justified. The tribal name Acrometini Wunderlich,
1979, is available.
Pimoa curvata Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943 (F). MF in UWBM.
5712 5714 5916 7009 7107 7108 7303 7305 7507 7807 8699
Pimoa altioculata (Keyserling)
Ref.: Gertsch and Ivie 1936 (figs. 40-41, F only, under Labulla); Wunderluch
1979 (MF). The records below include a few "dwarf" specimens which may possibly
represent a distinct species.
5915 5916 5918 6016 6022 6122 6335 6336 6721 6723 6822 6826 6928 7018 7026 7027
7028 7041 7235 7320 7322 7323 7324 7330 7421 7423 7518 7519 7521 7522 7523 7524
7621 7622 7623 7630 7718 7722 7730 7816 7823 8213 8523 8524 8530 8617 8624 8921
§ Pimoa haden Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1943.
8572 8973
Family OXYOPIDAE
Oxyopes scalaris Hentz
O. rufipes of W. Ref.: Brady 1964.
6016 6178[MCZ] 6293[MCZ] 6297 6397 6488 6496 6504 6632 6894 6804 6805 6992 6910[MCZ]
7299 7303 7332 7475 7498 7403 7696 7603 7703 7882 8000 8300 8572 8694
Family LYCOSIDAE
§ Tarentula aculeata (Clerck)
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1979 (under Alopecosa). Dondale and Redner argued
that the generic name Tarentula Sundevall, 1832, is an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Tarantula Fabricius, 1793, and thus unavailable (ICZN Art.
33). However, since the Sundevall name was proposed for a different nominal taxon,
it was in intention a homonym (ICZN glossary; use of the glossary is mandatory
by Art. 87a) rather than a subsequent spelling of any sort. Sundevall evidently
believed (see Dondale and Redner 1979:1034) that his homonymous name would be
available because the senior homonym was unavailable. Sundevall was incorrect,
but since his name Tarentula is not actually a homonym (ICZN Art. 56b),
it is the correct name for the genus to which it has traditionally been applied.
This will remain the case unless the ICZN is petitioned to stabilize the junior
synonym Alopecosa. Perhaps that is the only way to achieve general agreement
on this question. If such application is made, "existing usage" (the most common
current usage, whatever that is determined to be) will have to be maintained pending
the commission's decision (ICZN Art. 80). Unless and until such application is
made, the senior name Tarentula will remain correct.
6704 6928 7475 7575 8083 8572 8698 8873
Tarentula kochii Keyserling
Alopecosa kochi of W. Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1979 (under Alopecosa).
5712 5915 5916 5918 6022 6121 6122 6221 6429 6597 6806 6814[MCZ] 6827 6999 6900
6916 "Moses Lake" (7092-7193) 7099 7028 7107 "Cle Elum" (7109-7209) 7330 7403
7414 7429 7520 7526 7533 7604 7616 7623 7809 7832 7903 "Everett" (7921-7922) 7934
8182 8133 8371 8530 8694 8974
§ Schizocosa minnesotensis (Gertsch)
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1978a.
6902
§ Schizocosa communis (Emerton)
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1978a.
6894 6973 7475
Schizocosa mccooki (Montgomery)
Lycosa avida of W. Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1978a. Dondale and Redner
have treated under the two names S. mccooki and S. communis a taxonomic
situation which I believe is more complex. Along the eastern edge of Washington,
some specimens match the characters of S. communis (and are cited as such
above), others match S. mccooki, and a number of specimens from the same
localities are difficult to place. The discovery of Schizocosa species
in Illinois indistinguishable by genitalia (Uetz and Dondale 1979, Uetz and Denterlein
1979) leads me to wonder if a similar situation exists here. Maturation dates
of reared specimens fall into distinct groups. Also, I suspect that further study
will lead to resurrection of the name Schizocosa wasatchensis Chamberlin
and Ivie for occasional very large specimens.
5716 6072 6709 6873 7004 7103 7385 7475 7403 7693 7696 7602 7603 8182 8895
§ Schizocosa sp. #1
Distinctive species with long embolus. M in UWBM.
6221
§ Schizocosa sp. #2
Resembles S. retrorsa (Banks). M in UWBM.
7099
Lycosa coloradensis Banks
L. coloradensis of W. Ref.: Chamberlin 1908.
Worley (1932): "Govan" (7788).
§ Lycosa frondicola Emerton
Ref.: Chamberlin 1908; Kaston 1948.
8786
Trochosa pratensis (Emerton) SYNONYMY REJECTED
Lycosa pratensis of W. Ref.: Kaston 1948; Brady 1980 (under T. terricola).
Gertsch (1934b) first mentioned the close similarity of T. pratensis with
T. terricola Thorell, but kept T. pratensis separate because of
minor differences. Hackman (1954) confusingly stated that "following Gertsch (1934)
I have considered pratensis Emerton as an eastern North American subspecies
of Trochosa terricola...." Brady (1980) was the first to provide supporting
evidence for synonymy of pratensis under terricola. He stated that
he had examined 38 European specimens of T. terricola and 1300 American
specimens of T. pratensis and could not distinguish them. I have examined
only one-tenth as much material and thus my observations may be open to question,
but for what they are worth they support separation of the two species.
Full species of Trochosa in Europe are distinguished by very subtle characters
(Locket and Millidge 1951; Locket et al. 1974; Engelhardt 1964). I have compared
T. pratensis from Washington and Alaska (UWBM), Connecticut, and Montana
(B. R. Vogel collection) with T. terricola from England and Scotland (UWBM)
and found at least two consistent differences: 1) in pratensis the male
first leg tarsus is dark, in terricola a contrasting light color (this
is used as a decisive key character by Locket and Millidge); 2) the male palp
cymbium length/depth in pratensis is 3.1-3.9, in terricola 2.6-2.8
(the narrow distal part of the cymbium is proportionally longer in pratensis).
I suspect there are other distinguishing meristic characters, some applying
to females, but have insufficient European material to test this idea. Considerable
genitalic variation in North American populations of this species is shown in
Brady's (1980) illustrations. The problem merits further intensive study.
6504 6704 6894 6992 7006 "Grand Coulee" (7593-7694) "Spokane" (7673-7674) 7773
8272
Melocosa fumosa (Emerton)
Lycosa fumosa of W. Ref.: Leech 1969.
6817 8510
§ Arctosa alpigena (Doleschall)
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1983. In recent European literature (e.g. Locket et al.
1974, Merrett et al. 1985), this species has been placed in the genus Tricca.
I accept Dondale and Redner's synonymy of Tricca under Arctosa.
Although the latter placed map dots in Washington for this species, the first
verifiable Washington records follow.
6717 6815 6817 7018 7809 7833 7934 8410 8970
Arctosa littoralis (Hentz)
Arctosa cinerea of W. Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1983.
"Grande Ronde River" (6070-6074) 6582 6999
Pirata piraticus (Clerck)
Pirata febriculosa of W. Ref.: Wallace and Exline 1978; Locket and Millidge
(1951) gave conventional illustrations.
6340 6504 6632 7028 "Cle Elum" (7109-7209) 7131 7332 7620 7622 7624 7723 7931[MCZ]
8146 8147 8518 8524 8918
§ Pirata insularis Emerton
Ref.: Wallace and Exline 1978; Kaston 1948.
6504 6992
Pirata sedentarius Montgomery
Ref.: Wallace and Exline 1978; Kaston 1948 (as P. maculatus). Wallace and
Exline cited the sole Washington record of this species as "Pierce County, Washington,"
referring the reader for more complete data to a card file at the Florida State
Collection of Arthropods. G. B. Edwards (in litt.) has kindly transcribed
the full data from this card file as follows: "Ft. Lewis, Pierce County, September
9, 1936, Holloway" [Exline-Peck Collection, California Academy of Sciences].
§ Pardosa uintana Gertsch
Ref.: Lowrie and Dondale 1981.
8699
§ Pardosa dorsuncata Lowrie and Dondale
P. mackenziana (in part) of W. Ref.: Lowrie and Dondale 1981. The first
verifiable Washington records of this species and P. uintana are those
below, though Lowrie and Dondale presented map dots from the state.
6022 6122 6221 6639 6821 6822 6827 6829 6928 7020 7026 7027 7028 7034 7104 7131
7235 7332 7417 7429 7433 7519 7521 7531 7533 7617 7710 7714 7718 7730 7731 7816
7839 7931 7934 7938 8019 8123 8146 8147 8214 8217 8317 8410 8416 8597 8506 8507
8511 8516 8517 8617 8618 8970 8997 8999 8918 8921
Pardosa rainieriana Lowrie and Dondale
Ref.: Lowrie and Dondale 1981.
6122 6717 6817 6917 8510
Pardosa mackenziana (Keyserling)
P. mackenziana (in part) of W. Ref.: Lowrie and Dondale 1981 (under
P. mackenziana and P. dorsalis). In addition to redescribing P.
mackenziana, Lowrie and Dondale resurrected two former synonyms, P. dorsalis
Banks and P. uncata (Thorell) for closely allied species. Most Washington
specimens in this complex apparently were ascribed by them to P. dorsalis,
said to differ from P. mackenziana by the pointed (vs. truncate) tegular
apophysis (males), untoothed terminal apophysis (males), and smaller lateral epigynal
swellings (females). In addition to the numerous Washington specimens cited
below, I have reexamined a portion of the material used by Lowrie and Dondale
(B.R.Vogel collection), chiefly from Montana, Utah, and Colorado, with the following
results:
All the Rocky Mountains males identified by Lowrie as P. dorsalis are much
closer to Rocky Mountains P. mackenziana than they are to typical Washington
specimens (in UWBM). Males from Colorado (where the holotype female of P. dorsalis
was collected) have a toothed terminal apophysis. Most have the tegular apophysis
less truncate than in typical P. mackenziana, but intermediates are numerous
and there is no clear gap between the two. Females are so variable that I was
unable to separate them into distinct groups with regard to lateral swellings
or any other character. Most males from Washington have the tegular apophysis
far more pointed than any Rocky Mountains specimen; but larger population samples
sometimes include truncate and intermediate forms of tegular apophysis. In Washington,
even males with a strongly truncate tegular apophysis have an untoothed terminal
apophysis.
My conclusion: the characters used by Lowrie and Dondale to distinguish P.
dorsalis from P. mackenziana represent geographic variation. The far
western populations merit subspecies status, but that subspecies cannot be called
dorsalis since the latter's type is from Colorado. Individuals resembling
the Rocky Mountains and Washington forms do occur in each other's range. This
is not, however, species sympatry, but shows instead that the character states
involved are present in both forms but in differing and sometimes discordant frequencies.
I have not studied specimens of P. uncata, but suspect that a similar situation
may exist there. In any case, the traditional synonymy of P. dorsalis under
P. mackenziana is confirmed.
5916 6016 6017 6018 6121 6122 6216 6221 6223 6717 6719 6817 6916 7003 7004 7009
7013 7018 7103 7105 7108 7110 7211 7303 7305 7411 7414 7531 7604 7605 7730 7733
7806 7809 7833 7903 7934 7936 8111 8399 8317 8497 8410 8572 8699 8786 8872 8873
8970 8973 8974 8997 8999
Pardosa wyuta Gertsch
Ref.: Chamberlin 1908 (F, as P. atra Banks); Levi and Levi 1955 (M). The
name Pardosa wyuta was proposed by Gertsch (1934a) as a replacement name
for Pardosa atra Banks, 1894, which he considered preoccupied by Lycosa
atra Giebel, 1869, published for the first and only time in combination with
Pardosa by Gertsch (1934a), no reasons given. Apparently Lycosa atra
Giebel is not now recognized as a valid species of Pardosa, and as
stated by Bonnet (1957), the replacement name was probably not necessary. However,
by ICZN Art. 59b, Pardosa wyuta must stand as the valid name for this species.
6072 6122 6221 6240 6806 6814[MCZ] 6815 6973 6999 6900 6902 6905 7002 7004 7008
7009 7103 7105 7108 7303 7330 7403 7405 7417 7418 7429 7504 7505 7518 7696 7602
7604 7623 7809 7934 8000 8013 8317 8572 8587 8595 8596 8506 8699 8970 8918
Pardosa tristis (Thorell)
P. groenlandica (in part) of W. Ref.: Levi and Levi 1951 (as P. groenlandica;
F illustrated is atypical). In the past, the species now called P. tristis
was usually treated under P. groenlandica (Thorell), but is
distinct from the latter as illustrated by Kronestedt (1975). As Kronestedt pointed
out, application of the name P. tristis is also uncertain because type
specimens are lacking. Placement of the Columbia Basin form recorded here under
the Rocky Mountains P. tristis is untested, but seems the best course pending
further investigation.
"Yakima" (6504-6605) 6678 6685 6688 6771 6704 6873 6072 6804 6992 6999 6902 6905
7099 7002 7004 7006 7008 7199 7103 7105 7107 7110 7385 7303 7475 7498 7504 7507
"Spokane" (7673-7674) 7693 7696 7603 7783 "Wilbur" (7786-7787) 8497 8595 8680
8694 8873 8895 8991
Pardosa lowriei Kronestedt
P. groenlandica (in part) of W. Ref.: Kronestedt 1975.
6632 6917 7235 7417 7433 7618 7816 "Stillaguamish River" 8147 8528
Pardosa sinistra (Thorell)
Ref.: Kronestedt 1981.
6717 6817 6917 7833 7937 8818
§ Pardosa concinna (Thorell)
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1986; Emerton 1911 (as P. muscicola). Dondale
and Redner presented Washington map dots for this and several other species, but
these are the first verifiable records from the state.
7932 8699 8999
§ Pardosa nr. anomala Gertsch
Ref.: Gertsch 1933a (F); Levi and Levi 1951 (M). My specimens differ slightly
in both sexes from those illustrated.
8999 8918
Pardosa altamontis Chamberlin and Ivie
Ref.: Vogel 1970.
6221 6504 6688 6771 6894 6805 6992 6905 7099 7009 7103 7105 7299 7385 7313 7475
7593 7604 7605 7783 7873 8372 8399 8497 8572 8790 8895
Pardosa vancouveri Emerton
P. vancouveri of W. Ref.: Vogel 1970.
5918 6022 6028 6221 6240 6519 6639 6826 6829 6928 6934 7028 7031 7032 "Cle Elum"
(7109-7209) 7110 7131 7133 7219 7220 7328 7330 7331 7332 7417 7421 7429 7433 7518
7520 7521 7522 7533 7618 7622 7623 7624 7718 7720 7723 7730 7816 7822 7839 7931[MCZ]
8123 8125 8133 8146 8241 8317 8346 8517 8918 8921
§ Pardosa metlakatla Emerton
P. metlakatla of W. Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1986.
6216 6513 6639 6928 "Cle Elum" (7109-7209) 7212 7623 7723 8029 8241 8524
Pardosa coloradensis Banks
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1986.
6893 6894 6992 7099 7003 7108 7575 7604 7783 8201 8497 8597 8895
Pardosa xerampelina (Keyserling)
P. xerampelina of W. Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1986; Chamberlin and Ivie
1947 (F).
6519 6822 7220 7417 7433 7518 "Seattle" 7718 7722 7816 7818 8372 8572 8921
§ Pardosa distincta (Blackwall)
Ref.: Gertsch and Wallace 1935; Vogel 1964.
6829 8029 8629 8790
§ Pardosa steva Lowrie and Gertsch
Ref.: Barnes 1959.
6072 6471 7006
Pardosa moesta Banks
Ref.: Kaston 1948; Dondale and Redner 1987.
6221 6504 6992 7133 7328 7931[MCZ] 8029 8146 8147 8272 8372 8317 8572 8578 8921
§ Pardosa californica Keyserling
Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1987.
6632
§ Pardosa sp. #1
A sea beach species in the P. groenlandica group. MF in UWBM.
6340 8346
§ Pardosa sp. #2
Close to P. sinistra. F in UWBM.
7934
§ Pardosa sp. #3
Some specimens closely resemble P. fuscula (Thorell), but the internal
genitalia and proportions of the atrium are different (cf. Dondale and Redner
1987). F in UWBM.
8506 8997
§ Pardosa sp. #4
Related to P. pauxilla Montgomery. M in UWBM.
6905
Family PISAURIDAE
Lehtinen (1967) kept Dolomedes in a family Dolomedidae under Lycosoidea while establishing a separate superfamily Pisauroidea for typical Pisauridae, the superfamily characters being "presence of feathery hairs, the largely different basic abdominal pattern, and the lack of a secondary conductor." Since none of these constitutes a clear synapomorphy (feathery hairs are almost certainly plesiomorphic), it seems better to leave Pisauridae in its classical form and position pending further study.
Dolomedes triton scapularis C. Koch NEW STATUS
Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1946; Carico 1973. Chamberlin and Ivie (19